--- title: Hunger, thirst, fear, heat and cold use avoir, not être: j'ai faim,… — Être: to be · tree and pragmatics description: Hunger, thirst, fear, heat and cold use avoir, not être: j'ai faim, j'ai soif, j'ai peur, j'ai chaud, j'ai froid. Who acts: Hunger. A sentence of the lesson «Être: to be» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [Être: to be](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/) / 16 # Être: to be, sentence 16 Hunger, thirst, fear, heat and cold use avoir, not être: j'ai faim, j'ai soif, j'ai peur, j'ai chaud, j'ai froid. **Who acts:** Hunger · **What happens:** use · **To what, where:** avoir This is a sentence of the lesson «Être: to be» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hunger), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:028-etre-to-be.lesson:16 # text = Hunger, thirst, fear, heat and cold use avoir, not être: j'ai faim, j'ai soif, j'ai peur, j'ai chaud, j'ai froid. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 028-etre-to-be.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Hunger Hunger NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=1:punct 3 thirst thirst NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 conj _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 fear fear NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 conj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 conj _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 cold cold NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 conj _ _ 10 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 11 avoir avoir NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 14 advmod _ _ 14 être être NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 conj _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 16 j'ai j'ai X FW _ 17 compound _ _ 17 faim faim NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 parataxis _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 j'ai j'ai X FW _ 20 compound _ _ 20 soif soif NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 j'ai j'ai X FW _ 23 compound _ _ 23 peur peur NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=26:punct 25 j'ai j'ai X FW _ 26 compound _ _ 26 chaud chaud NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 j'ai j'ai X FW _ 29 compound _ _ 29 froid froid NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert, polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | present | Hunger and thirst and fear and heat and cold | avoir and être | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent avoir=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:028-etre-to-be.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Être: to be, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/15/) - next →: [Être: to be, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/)