--- title: Age uses avoir: j'ai neuf ans; "je suis neuf" would mean "I am new". — Être: to be · tree and pragmatics description: Age uses avoir: j'ai neuf ans; "je suis neuf" would mean "I am new". Who acts: Age, neuf, English. A sentence of the lesson «Être: to be» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [Être: to be](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/) / 17 # Être: to be, sentence 17 Age uses avoir: j'ai neuf ans; "je suis neuf" would mean "I am new". **Who acts:** Age, neuf, English · **What happens:** use, sui, mean, be · **To what, where:** avoir · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Être: to be» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Age, neuf, English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:028-etre-to-be.lesson:17 # text = Age uses avoir: j'ai neuf ans; "je suis neuf" would mean "I am new". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 028-etre-to-be.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Age age NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 uses use VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 avoir avoir X FW Foreign=Yes 2 obj _ _ 4 : : PUNCT : _ 3 punct _ _ 5 j'ai j'ai X FW Foreign=Yes 3 dep _ _ 6 neuf neuf X FW Foreign=Yes 5 flat:foreign _ _ 7 ans an X FW Foreign=Yes 5 flat:foreign _ _ 8 ; ; PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 " " PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=10:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 10 je je X FW Foreign=Yes 11 discourse _ _ 11 suis sui VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 dep _ _ 12 neuf neuf NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 13 " " PUNCT '' _ 12 punct _ _ 14 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _ 15 mean mean VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 16 " " PUNCT `` _ 19 punct _ _ 17 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 18 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 19 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 ccomp _ _ 20 " " PUNCT '' _ 19 punct _ _ 21 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | present | Age | avoir | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent avoir=Patient | | 2 | **sui** *in a quote* | present | | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **mean** | would | neuf | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | English | | | | | new *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:028-etre-to-be.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Être: to be, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/16/) - next →: [Avoir: to have, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/)