--- title: Some things English says with "to be" use avoir in French: you have… — Être: to be · tree and pragmatics description: Some things English says with "to be" use avoir in French: you have hunger, thirst and years, so "I am hungry" is j'ai faim and "I am nine" is j'ai neuf ans. Who acts: English, things, you, avoir. A sentence of the lesson «Être: to be» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependenc --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [Être: to be](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/) / 5 # Être: to be, sentence 5 Some things English says with "to be" use avoir in French: you have hunger, thirst and years, so "I am hungry" is j'ai faim and "I am nine" is j'ai neuf ans. **Who acts:** English, things, you, avoir · **What happens:** say, be, have · **To what, where:** things, hunger, j'ai faim, nine, nine neuf ans · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Être: to be» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English, things, you, avoir), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:028-etre-to-be.lesson:5 # text = Some things English says with "to be" use avoir in French: you have hunger, thirst and years, so "I am hungry" is j'ai faim and "I am nine" is j'ai neuf ans. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 028-etre-to-be.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Some some DET DT PronType=Ind 2 det _ _ 2 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 3 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:nsubj|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 4 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 acl:relcl _ _ 5 with with SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 6 " " PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ _ 7 to to PART TO _ 8 mark _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:mark 8 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 10 cop _ _ 9 " " PUNCT '' _ 10 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=10:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 10 use use VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 11 avoir avoir NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 French French PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 14 : : PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 15 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ _ 17 hunger hunger NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 thirst thirst NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 conj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 23 so so ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 24 " " PUNCT `` _ 27 punct _ _ 25 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 26 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 27 hungry hungry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 conj _ _ 28 " " PUNCT '' _ 27 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=11:punct 29 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 30 j'ai j'ai X FW _ 31 compound _ _ 31 faim faim NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 33 " " PUNCT `` _ 36 punct _ _ 34 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 35 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 cop _ _ 36 nine nine NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 41 nummod _ _ 37 " " PUNCT '' _ 36 punct _ _ 38 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 41 cop _ _ 39 j'ai j'ai X FW Foreign=Yes 41 cc _ _ 40 neuf neuf ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 ans an NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 conj _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | English | some things *not said here* | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent thing=Topic | | 2 | **is** | infinitive | some things | | | | | use *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **have** | present | you | hunger and thirst and years | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hunger=Patient | | 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | English | | | | | hungry *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **is a** | present | avoir in French | j'ai faim and nine neuf ans | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | English | nine | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **is a** | present | avoir in French *not said here* | nine neuf ans | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:028-etre-to-be.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Être: to be, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/4/) - next →: [Être: to be, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/)