---
title: Être (to be): je suis, tu es, il est, elle est, on est, nous sommes,… — Être: to be · tree and pragmatics
description: Être (to be): je suis, tu es, il est, elle est, on est, nous sommes, vous êtes, ils sont, elles sont; it must be learned by heart. Who acts: heart. A sentence of the lesson «Être: to be» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Être: to be, sentence 6

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Être (to be): je suis, tu es, il est, elle est, on est, nous sommes, vous êtes, ils sont, elles sont; it must be learned by heart.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** heart · **What happens:** learn · **To what, where:** est

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Être: to be» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:french:028-etre-to-be.lesson:6
# text = Être (to be): je suis, tu es, il est, elle est, on est, nous sommes, vous êtes, ils sont, elles sont; it must be learned by heart.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = french
# lesson = 028-etre-to-be.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Être	Être	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	vocative	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=1:parataxis
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=1:punct
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	je	je	X	FW	_	37	parataxis	_	_
8	suis	sui	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	tu	tu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	es	e	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	il	il	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:unmarked	_	_
14	est	est	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	flat	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	elle	elle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	est	est	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	est	est	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	nous	nous	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	sommes	somme	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	appos	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	vous	vous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	êtes	ête	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	ils	il	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
29	sont	sont	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	elles	elle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	_
32	sont	sont	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod:unmarked	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
34	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj:pass	_	_
35	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
36	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	aux:pass	_	_
37	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
38	by	by	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	_
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=37:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | must · passive | heart | est |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:028-etre-to-be.lesson:6`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Être: to be, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/5/)
- next →: [Être: to be, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/7/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/)