--- title: Tu es and il est sound the same ("ay") but are spelled differently:… — Être: to be · tree and pragmatics description: Tu es and il est sound the same ("ay") but are spelled differently: es with tu, est with il or elle. Who acts: Tu. A sentence of the lesson «Être: to be» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [Être: to be](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/) / 9 # Être: to be, sentence 9 Tu es and il est sound the same ("ay") but are spelled differently: es with tu, est with il or elle. **Who acts:** Tu · **What happens:** sound, spell · **To what, where:** same This is a sentence of the lesson «Être: to be» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:028-etre-to-be.lesson:9 # text = Tu es and il est sound the same ("ay") but are spelled differently: es with tu, est with il or elle. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 028-etre-to-be.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Tu Tu PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 2 es e NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 flat _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=1:cc 4 il IL PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 conj _ _ 5 est EST PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 flat _ _ 6 sound sound VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 obj _ _ 9 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 11 punct _ _ 10 " " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ _ 11 ay ay NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 12 " " PUNCT '' _ 11 punct _ _ 13 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 11 punct _ _ 14 but but CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 15 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux:pass _ _ 16 spelled spell VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 advcl _ _ 17 differently differently ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 18 : : PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 19 es e NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:nsubj:pass 20 with with ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 tu tu NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 est est NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ _ 24 with with ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 il IL PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 26 or or CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=25:cc 27 elle elle ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 conj _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **sound** | infinitive | Tu and il | the same | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location same=Theme | | 2 | **spell** | present · passive | Tu and il *not said here* | | | | | differently *property* | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:028-etre-to-be.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Être: to be, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/7/) - next →: [Être: to be, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/)