--- title: Avoir means "to have": j'ai (I have), tu as, il a and elle a, on a,… — Avoir: to have · tree and pragmatics description: Avoir means "to have": j'ai (I have), tu as, il a and elle a, on a, nous avons, vous avez, ils ont and elles ont - another verb you learn by heart, a sneeze and a hiccup: "zhay, tu A, ee-LA". Who acts: Avoir, I, you. A sentence of the lesson «Avoir: to have» of the french course of Mova's primary sc --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [Avoir: to have](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/) / 0 # Avoir: to have, sentence 0 Avoir means "to have": j'ai (I have), tu as, il a and elle a, on a, nous avons, vous avez, ils ont and elles ont - another verb you learn by heart, a sneeze and a hiccup: "zhay, tu A, ee-LA". **Who acts:** Avoir, I, you · **What happens:** mean, have, learn · **To what, where:** j'ai, verb · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Avoir: to have» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Avoir, I, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:029-avoir-to-have.lesson:0 # text = Avoir means "to have": j'ai (I have), tu as, il a and elle a, on a, nous avons, vous avez, ils ont and elles ont - another verb you learn by heart, a sneeze and a hiccup: "zhay, tu A, ee-LA". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 029-avoir-to-have.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Avoir Avoir X FW Foreign=Yes 2 nsubj _ _ 2 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 " " PUNCT `` _ 5 punct _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 have have VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 xcomp _ _ 6 " " PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 5 punct _ _ 8 j'ai j'ai X FW Foreign=Yes 5 obj _ _ 9 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 11 punct _ _ 10 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:ccomp 12 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 11 punct _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 tu tu X FW Foreign=Yes 2 conj _ _ 15 as as ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 17 il IL X FW Foreign=Yes 14 nmod _ _ 18 a a X FW Foreign=Yes 14 conj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 elle elle X FW Foreign=Yes 18 conj _ _ 21 a a X FW Foreign=Yes 20 obj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 23 on on ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 nous nous X FW Foreign=Yes 27 compound _ _ 27 avons avon X FW Foreign=Yes 20 obj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 vous vous X FW Foreign=Yes 30 amod _ _ 30 avez avez X FW Foreign=Yes 27 conj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 32 ils il X FW Foreign=Yes 33 compound _ _ 33 ont ont X FW Foreign=Yes 30 obl _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 35 elles elle X FW Foreign=Yes 33 conj _ _ 36 ont ont X FW Foreign=Yes 33 conj _ _ 37 - - PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 38 another another DET DT PronType=Ind 39 det _ _ 39 verb verb NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 conj _ _ 40 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 41 learn learn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 acl:relcl _ _ 42 by by ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obl _ _ 44 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 45 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 sneeze sneeze NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 conj _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 48 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 49 det _ _ 49 hiccup hiccup NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 conj _ _ 50 : : PUNCT : _ 52 punct _ _ 51 " " PUNCT `` _ 52 punct _ _ 52 zhay zhay X FW Foreign=Yes 43 conj _ _ 53 , , PUNCT , _ 55 punct _ _ 54 tu tu X FW Foreign=Yes 55 case _ _ 55 A A X FW Foreign=Yes 52 appos _ _ 56 , , PUNCT , _ 59 punct _ _ 57 ee ee X FW Foreign=Yes 59 compound _ _ 58 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 59 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=57:punct 59 LA la X FW Foreign=Yes 52 appos _ _ 60 " " PUNCT '' _ 59 punct _ _ 61 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | Avoir | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **have** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive | Avoir *not said here* | j'ai | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent j'ai=Patient | | 3 | **have** | present | I | | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **learn** | present | you | another verb *not said here* | | | | by heart and a sneeze and a hiccup | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent verb=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:029-avoir-to-have.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Être: to be, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/28-etre-to-be/17/) - next →: [Avoir: to have, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/)