--- title: French uses avoir for lots of things English says with "to be": you… — Avoir: to have · tree and pragmatics description: French uses avoir for lots of things English says with "to be": you have hunger (j'ai faim), thirst (j'ai soif), fear (j'ai peur) and years (j'ai dix ans). Who acts: French, English, you. A sentence of the lesson «Avoir: to have» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [Avoir: to have](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/) / 1 # Avoir: to have, sentence 1 French uses avoir for lots of things English says with "to be": you have hunger (j'ai faim), thirst (j'ai soif), fear (j'ai peur) and years (j'ai dix ans). **Who acts:** French, English, you · **What happens:** use, say, be, have · **To what, where:** avoir, things, hunger · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Avoir: to have» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (French, English, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:029-avoir-to-have.lesson:1 # text = French uses avoir for lots of things English says with "to be": you have hunger (j'ai faim), thirst (j'ai soif), fear (j'ai peur) and years (j'ai dix ans). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 029-avoir-to-have.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 French French PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 uses use VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 avoir avoir X FW _ 2 obj _ _ 4 for for ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 lots lot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 8 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 10 with with ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 " " PUNCT `` _ 13 punct _ _ 12 to to PART TO _ 13 mark _ _ 13 be be VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 obl _ _ 14 " " PUNCT '' _ 13 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 16 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 18 hunger hunger NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 19 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 20 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=21:punct 20 j'ai j'ai X FW _ 21 compound _ _ 21 faim faim NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 xcomp _ _ 22 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 21 punct _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 thirst thirst NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:conj 25 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 27 punct _ _ 26 j'ai j'ai X FW _ 27 compound _ _ 27 soif soif NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 appos _ _ 28 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 27 punct _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 fear fear NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 31 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 32 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=33:punct 32 j'ai j'ai X FW _ 33 compound _ _ 33 peur peur NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 appos _ _ 34 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 33 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 36 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 conj _ _ 37 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 38 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=40:punct 38 j'ai j'ai X FW Foreign=Yes 40 compound _ _ 39 dix dix NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 40 nummod _ _ 40 ans an NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 appos _ _ 41 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 40 punct _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | present | French | avoir | | | | for lots of things | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent avoir=Theme for lot=Eventuality | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | English | things *not said here* | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent thing=Topic | | 3 | **be** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **have** | present | you | hunger and thirst | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hunger=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:029-avoir-to-have.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Avoir: to have, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/0/) - next →: [Avoir: to have, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/)