---
title: Je becomes j' before a vowel: j'ai, j'aime, j'habite; never "je ai". — Avoir: to have · tree and pragmatics
description: Je becomes j' before a vowel: j'ai, j'aime, j'habite; never "je ai". Who acts: Je. A sentence of the lesson «Avoir: to have» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Avoir: to have, sentence 7

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Je becomes j' before a vowel: j'ai, j'aime, j'habite; never "je ai".

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Je · **What happens:** become · **To what, where:** j

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Avoir: to have» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Je), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:french:029-avoir-to-have.lesson:7
# text = Je becomes j' before a vowel: j'ai, j'aime, j'habite; never "je ai".
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = french
# lesson = 029-avoir-to-have.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Je	Je	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	2	nsubj	_	_
2	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	j	J	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
4	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	j'ai	j'ai	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	7	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	j'aime	j'aime	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	7	conj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	j'habite	j'habite	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	11	conj	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=15:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_
17	je	je	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	ai	ai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	parataxis	_	_
19	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present | Je | j |  |  | before a vowel |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:029-avoir-to-have.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Avoir: to have, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/6/)
- next →: [Avoir: to have, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/8/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/)