--- title: J'ai peur means "I'm scared"; French says "I have fear". — Avoir: to have · tree and pragmatics description: J'ai peur means "I'm scared"; French says "I have fear". Who acts: J'ai, English, French. A sentence of the lesson «Avoir: to have» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [Avoir: to have](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/) / 8 # Avoir: to have, sentence 8 J'ai peur means "I'm scared"; French says "I have fear". **Who acts:** J'ai, English, French · **What happens:** mean, be, say, have · **To what, where:** fear · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Avoir: to have» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (J'ai, English, French), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:029-avoir-to-have.lesson:8 # text = J'ai peur means "I'm scared"; French says "I have fear". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 029-avoir-to-have.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 J'ai avoir X FW Foreign=Yes 3 nsubj _ _ 2 peur peur NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 flat:foreign _ _ 3 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 " " PUNCT `` _ 7 punct _ _ 5 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 6 'm be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 7 scared scared ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:obj 8 " " PUNCT '' _ 7 punct _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 French French PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 11 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 12 " " PUNCT `` _ 14 punct _ _ 13 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 ccomp _ _ 15 fear fear NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 16 " " PUNCT '' _ 14 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=15:punct 17 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | J'ai | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | English | | | | | scared *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | French | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **have** *in a quote* | present | French | fear | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fear=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:029-avoir-to-have.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Avoir: to have, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/7/) - next →: [Avoir: to have, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/29-avoir-to-have/)