--- title: More French speakers live in Africa than in Europe; big French-speak… — France and the French-speaking world · tree and pragmatics description: More French speakers live in Africa than in Europe; big French-speaking cities include Paris, Kinshasa, Abidjan, Montreal and Dakar. Who acts: More French speakers, big speaking cities. A sentence of the lesson «France and the French-speaking world» of the french course of Mova's primary school with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/34-france-and-the-french-speaking-world/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [France and the French-speaking world](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/34-france-and-the-french-speaking-world/) / 6 # France and the French-speaking world, sentence 6 More French speakers live in Africa than in Europe; big French-speaking cities include Paris, Kinshasa, Abidjan, Montreal and Dakar. **Who acts:** More French speakers, big speaking cities · **What happens:** live, speak, include · **To what, where:** Africa, Paris · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «France and the French-speaking world» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (More French speakers, big speaking cities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:034-france-and-the-french-speaking-world.lesson:6 # text = More French speakers live in Africa than in Europe; big French-speaking cities include Paris, Kinshasa, Abidjan, Montreal and Dakar. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 034-france-and-the-french-speaking-world.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 More more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 3 amod _ _ 2 French French ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 speakers speaker NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 7 than than ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 11 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 12 French French ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 13 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 14 punct _ _ 14 speaking speak VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 15 amod _ _ 15 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 16 include include VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 17 Paris Paris PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 Kinshasa Kinshasa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:list 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 Abidjan Abidjan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:list 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 Montreal Montreal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:list 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 Dakar Dakar PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 conj _ _ 26 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **live** | present | More French speakers | | | Africa | | than Europe | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location | | 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | | | | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **include** | present | big speaking cities | Paris and Kinshasa and Abidjan and Montreal and Dakar | | | | | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paris=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:034-france-and-the-french-speaking-world.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [France and the French-speaking world, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/34-france-and-the-french-speaking-world/5/) - next →: [France and the French-speaking world, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/34-france-and-the-french-speaking-world/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/34-france-and-the-french-speaking-world/)