--- title: Switzerland has four national languages, German, French, Italian and… — France and the French-speaking world · tree and pragmatics description: Switzerland has four national languages, German, French, Italian and Romansh; French is spoken in the west, around Geneva (Genève) and Lausanne. Who acts: Switzerland. A sentence of the lesson «France and the French-speaking world» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/34-france-and-the-french-speaking-world/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [France and the French-speaking world](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/34-france-and-the-french-speaking-world/) / 8 # France and the French-speaking world, sentence 8 Switzerland has four national languages, German, French, Italian and Romansh; French is spoken in the west, around Geneva (Genève) and Lausanne. **Who acts:** Switzerland · **What happens:** have, speak · **To what, where:** four national languages, French, west · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «France and the French-speaking world» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Switzerland), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:034-france-and-the-french-speaking-world.lesson:8 # text = Switzerland has four national languages, German, French, Italian and Romansh; French is spoken in the west, around Geneva (Genève) and Lausanne. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 034-france-and-the-french-speaking-world.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Switzerland Switzerland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 5 nummod _ _ 4 national national ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 German German PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 French French ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:conj|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 Italian Italian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:conj|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 Romansh Romansh PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 conj _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 15 French French PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nsubj:pass _ _ 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux:pass _ _ 17 spoken speak VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 18 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 west west NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 around around ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 Geneva Geneva PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 24 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 25 punct _ _ 25 Genève Genève PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 appos _ _ 26 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 25 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 Lausanne Lausanne PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 conj _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Switzerland | four national languages and German | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient | | 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive | | French | | the west | | around Geneva and Lausanne | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:034-france-and-the-french-speaking-world.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [France and the French-speaking world, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/34-france-and-the-french-speaking-world/7/) - next →: [France and the French-speaking world, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/34-france-and-the-french-speaking-world/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/34-france-and-the-french-speaking-world/)