--- title: Picture a farm in 1100: the English-speaking farmer looks after a co… — English words that came from French · tree and pragmatics description: Picture a farm in 1100: the English-speaking farmer looks after a cow, a pig and a sheep, but when the meat reaches the French-speaking lord's table it is called beef, pork and mutton - from French bœuf, porc and mouton. Who acts: you, speaking farmer, meat. A sentence of the lesson «English words t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/36-english-words-that-came-from-french/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [English words that came from French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/36-english-words-that-came-from-french/) / 2 # English words that came from French, sentence 2 Picture a farm in 1100: the English-speaking farmer looks after a cow, a pig and a sheep, but when the meat reaches the French-speaking lord's table it is called beef, pork and mutton - from French bœuf, porc and mouton. **Who acts:** you, speaking farmer, meat · **What happens:** picture, speak, look, reach, call · **To what, where:** farm, 1100, table, meat, French bœuf · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «English words that came from French» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, speaking farmer, meat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:036-english-words-that-came-from-french.lesson:2 # text = Picture a farm in 1100: the English-speaking farmer looks after a cow, a pig and a sheep, but when the meat reaches the French-speaking lord's table it is called beef, pork and mutton - from French bœuf, porc and mouton. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 036-english-words-that-came-from-french.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Picture picture VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 farm farm NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 1100 1100 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 nmod _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 1 punct _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 8 English English ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:amod 9 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 8 punct _ _ 10 speaking speak VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 11 amod _ _ 11 farmer farm NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 12 looks look VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 parataxis _ _ 13 after after ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 cow cow NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 pig pig NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 sheep sheep NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 23 but but CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 24 when when ADV WRB PronType=Rel 27 advmod _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 meat meat NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 reaches reach VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 advcl _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 29 French French ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 30 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 29 punct _ _ 31 speaking speak VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 32 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=32:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 32 lord lord NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod:poss _ _ 33 's 's PART POS _ 32 case _ _ 34 table table NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 35 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj:pass _ _ 36 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 aux:pass _ _ 37 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 conj _ _ 38 beef beef NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=37:obj 39 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 40 pork pork NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 conj _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 42 mutton mutton NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=40:conj 43 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 46 punct _ _ 44 from from ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 45 French French ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 bœuf bœuf NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=38:appos 47 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 48 porc porc NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=46:appos 49 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 50 mouton mouton NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 conj _ _ 51 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **picture** | imperative | you *not said here* | a farm | | 1100 | | | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent farm=Theme | | 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | | | | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **look** | present | the speaking farmer | | | | after a cow and a pig and a sheep | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 4 | **reach** | present | the meat | the French speaking lord's table | | | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent table=Theme | | 5 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | | | | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **call** | present · passive | | meat | | French bœuf and porc and mouton | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from bœuf=Source | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:036-english-words-that-came-from-french.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [English words that came from French, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/36-english-words-that-came-from-french/1/) - next →: [English words that came from French, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/36-english-words-that-came-from-french/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/36-english-words-that-came-from-french/)