--- title: Some borrowed words are hiding: a pilot shouting "Mayday!" is copyin… — English words that came from French · tree and pragmatics description: Some borrowed words are hiding: a pilot shouting "Mayday!" is copying French m'aider, "help me", and RSVP on a party invitation stands for "Répondez, s'il vous plaît". Who acts: borrowed words, pilot, RSVP. A sentence of the lesson «English words that came from French» of the french course of Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/36-english-words-that-came-from-french/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [English words that came from French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/36-english-words-that-came-from-french/) / 3 # English words that came from French, sentence 3 Some borrowed words are hiding: a pilot shouting "Mayday!" is copying French m'aider, "help me", and RSVP on a party invitation stands for "Répondez, s'il vous plaît". **Who acts:** borrowed words, pilot, RSVP · **What happens:** borrow, hide, shout, copy, help, stand · **To what, where:** Mayday, French m'aider, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «English words that came from French» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (borrowed words, pilot, RSVP), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:036-english-words-that-came-from-french.lesson:3 # text = Some borrowed words are hiding: a pilot shouting "Mayday!" is copying French m'aider, "help me", and RSVP on a party invitation stands for "Répondez, s'il vous plaît". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 036-english-words-that-came-from-french.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Some some DET DT PronType=Ind 3 det _ _ 2 borrowed borrow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 amod _ _ 3 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 5 hiding hide VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 5 punct _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:det 8 pilot pilot NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:compound 9 shouting shout VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 acl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 10 " " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ _ 11 Mayday mayday PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:appos|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 12 ! ! PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ 13 " " PUNCT '' _ 11 punct _ _ 14 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _ 15 copying copy VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 conj _ _ 16 French French ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 m'aider m'aider NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 " " PUNCT `` _ 20 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=20:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 20 help help VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 21 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ _ 22 " " PUNCT '' _ 20 punct _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 25 RSVP rsvp NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 26 on on ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 party party NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 invitation invitation NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 30 stands stand VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 31 for for ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 " " PUNCT `` _ 33 punct _ _ 33 Répondez Répondez PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 35 s'il s'il PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 compound _ _ 36 vous vous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 plaît plaît NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 appos _ _ 38 " " PUNCT '' _ 33 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=37:punct 39 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **borrow** | participle | | | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **hide** | present · progressive | some borrowed words | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund | a pilot *not said here* | Mayday | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mayday=Topic | | 4 | **copy** | present · progressive | a pilot | French m'aider | | | | | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent m'aider=Theme | | 5 | **help** *in a quote* | infinitive | | | me | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary | | 6 | **stand** | present | RSVP on a party invitation | | | | | for Répondez | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for répondez=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:036-english-words-that-came-from-french.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [English words that came from French, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/36-english-words-that-came-from-french/2/) - next →: [English words that came from French, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/36-english-words-that-came-from-french/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/36-english-words-that-came-from-french/)