--- title: Pardon ! means sorry or excuse me when you bump into someone or sque… — Tu or vous? Manners in French · tree and pragmatics description: Pardon ! means sorry or excuse me when you bump into someone or squeeze past; Excusez-moi ! is the polite "excuse me" to ask for help. Who acts: Pardon, you, Excusez. A sentence of the lesson «Tu or vous? Manners in French» of the french course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/5-tu-or-vous-manners-in-french/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/) / [Tu or vous? Manners in French](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/5-tu-or-vous-manners-in-french/) / 12 # Tu or vous? Manners in French, sentence 12 Pardon ! means sorry or excuse me when you bump into someone or squeeze past; Excusez-moi ! is the polite "excuse me" to ask for help. **Who acts:** Pardon, you, Excusez · **What happens:** mean, excuse, bump, squeeze, be, ask · **To what, where:** me, someone, polite, Merci means · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Tu or vous? Manners in French» of the french course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pardon, you, Excusez), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:french:005-tu-or-vous-manners-in-french.lesson:12 # text = Pardon ! means sorry or excuse me when you bump into someone or squeeze past; Excusez-moi ! is the polite "excuse me" to ask for help. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = french # lesson = 005-tu-or-vous-manners-in-french.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Pardon pardon NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 ! ! PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ 3 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 sorry sorry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 xcomp _ _ 5 or or CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 excuse excuse VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 7 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 obj _ _ 8 when when SCONJ WRB _ 10 mark _ _ 9 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 10 bump bump VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ _ 11 into into ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 10 obl _ _ 13 or or CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 squeeze squeeze VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 15 past past ADP IN _ 14 obl _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 Excusez Excusez PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 18 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 17 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=17:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 19 moi moi PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 flat _ _ 20 ! ! PUNCT . _ 17 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=23:punct 21 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:det 23 polite polite NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 24 " " PUNCT `` _ 25 punct _ _ 25 excuse excuse VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 23 parataxis _ _ 26 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ _ 27 " " PUNCT '' _ 25 punct _ _ 28 to to PART TO _ 29 mark _ _ 29 ask ask VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 advcl _ _ 30 for for ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 help help NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | Pardon | | | | | sorry *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **excuse** | infinitive | Pardon *not said here* | me | | | | | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme | | 3 | **bump** | present | you | | | someone | | | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into someone=Location | | 4 | **squeeze** | present | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **is a** | present | Excusez | polite | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **excuse** *in a quote* | infinitive | | Merci means *= means* | | | | | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme | | 7 | **ask** *speech: ask* | to-infinitive | | | | | | for help | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:french:005-tu-or-vous-manners-in-french.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tu or vous? Manners in French, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/5-tu-or-vous-manners-in-french/11/) - next →: [Tu or vous? Manners in French, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/5-tu-or-vous-manners-in-french/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/french/5-tu-or-vous-manners-in-french/)