--- title: Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and the rest of the English-speaking world — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and the rest of the English-speaking world», a lesson of the geography course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: English spread from one small island to more than 50 countries mainly through trade, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Irelan… # Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and the rest of the English-speaking world Lesson 10 of the geography course of Mova's primary school: 19 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/0/) — English spread from one small island to more than 50 countries mainly through trade, settlement and empire, the same colonial race you play out in EU5. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/1/) — In the game France and England fight over North America; in real life Canada kept both, which is why it has two official languages and French Quebec. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/2/) — The game shows sugar islands as rich prizes, but it hides the people forced to grow the sugar: most Jamaicans today descend from Africans enslaved on British plantations. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/3/) — Every "new" land already had people: First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Canada, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia for at least 50,000 years, and Māori in New Zealand, who arrived around 1250 to 1300, one of the last large lands humans settled. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/4/) — Ireland is a special case: next door to Britain, ruled by it for centuries, it became independent in 1922 and still feels the Great Famine, when a million people died. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/5/) — Canada, with its capital Ottawa, is the second largest country in the world at about 10 million square kilometres, yet has only about 41 million people, most living within a few hundred kilometres of the US border, where it is milder and the land can be farmed, while the north is very cold. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/6/) — Canada has two official languages, English and French, and most people in Quebec speak French because it began as New France, founded with Quebec City in 1608. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/7/) — Canada has the longest coastline of any country, more than 200,000 km, including its many Arctic islands. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/8/) — Canada's Indigenous peoples are the First Nations, the Inuit and the Métis, and for over a century many of their children were taken to residential schools, the last of which closed in 1996. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/9/) — Australia's capital is Canberra, built as a compromise between rival cities Sydney and Melbourne, and about 27 million people live in the country, mostly near the coast in the south-east. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/10/) — Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have lived in Australia for at least 50,000 years, and British colonisation from 1788 brought disease, violence and the taking of their land. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/11/) — New Zealand, with its capital Wellington, at the southern tip of the North Island close to the South Island, and largest city Auckland, has two main islands, the North Island and the South Island, and about 5.3 million people. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/12/) — The Treaty of Waitangi, signed in 1840 between the British Crown and many Māori chiefs, is New Zealand's founding document; its English and Māori versions do not say the same thing about who holds power, which has caused arguments ever since; and Māori and New Zealand Sign Language are official languages by law, while English is used everywhere without a law naming it. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/13/) — The Republic of Ireland, with its capital Dublin and about 5.4 million people, became independent in 1922 and a republic in 1949, and Irish is its first official language though most people speak English every day, because centuries of English rule, English-only schooling and the famine pushed Irish back. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/14/) — During the Great Famine of 1845 to 1852, when the potato crop failed but other food was still shipped out of Ireland, about a million people in Ireland died and over a million emigrated, and the island still has fewer people today than in 1841. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/15/) — English is an official language in more than 50 countries, including Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, Jamaica, Singapore, the Philippines and, alongside Hindi for the central government, India. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/16/) — English is spoken in Caribbean countries such as Jamaica, Barbados, and Trinidad and Tobago, most of whose people descend from Africans enslaved on British sugar plantations. - [17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/17/) — In 1337, when EU5 starts, English rule in Ireland reached firmly only the area around Dublin called the Pale, while Gaelic lords ruled most of the island. - [18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/18/) — In the Mabo decision of 1992, Australia's High Court ruled that the land had not belonged to no one when the British came, and that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples could hold native title to it. - ← previous: [The United States](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/9-the-united-states/) - next →: [East, South and South-East Asia: countries and capitals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/11-east-south-and-south-east-asia/) - ↑ back to [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/)