--- title: English spread from one small island to more than 50 countries mainl… — Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and the… · tree and pragmatics description: English spread from one small island to more than 50 countries mainly through trade, settlement and empire, the same colonial race you play out in EU5. Who acts: English, you. A sentence of the lesson «Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and the rest of the English-speaking world» of the geograp --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Irelan…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/) / 0 # Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and the rest of the English-speaking world, sentence 0 English spread from one small island to more than 50 countries mainly through trade, settlement and empire, the same colonial race you play out in EU5. **Who acts:** English, you · **What happens:** spread, play out · **To what, where:** one small island, same colonial race, EU5 This is a sentence of the lesson «Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and the rest of the English-speaking world» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:010-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world.lesson:0 # text = English spread from one small island to more than 50 countries mainly through trade, settlement and empire, the same colonial race you play out in EU5. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 010-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 spread spread VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 from from ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 5 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 island island NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 7 to to ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 8 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV 10 advmod _ _ 9 than than ADP IN _ 8 fixed _ _ 10 50 50 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 11 nummod _ _ 11 countries country NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 12 mainly mainly ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 13 through through ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 trade trade NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 settlement settlement NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 conj _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 empire empire NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=16:conj 19 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 21 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 22 colonial colonial ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 23 race race NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 appos _ _ 24 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 play play VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 acl:relcl _ _ 26 out out ADP RP _ 25 compound:prt _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=25:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 27 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 EU5 EU5 PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spread** | past | English | | | one small island | | to 50 countries; through trade and settlement and empire | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through trade=Location | | 2 | **play out** | present | you | the same colonial race *not said here* | | EU5 | | | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:010-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The United States, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/9-the-united-states/17/) - next →: [Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Irelan…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/10-canada-australia-new-zealand-ireland-and-the-english-speaking-world/)