---
title: Istanbul was Constantinople, the Byzantine capital, which the Ottoma… — The Middle East and Central Asia · tree and pragmatics
description: Istanbul was Constantinople, the Byzantine capital, which the Ottomans conquered in 1453. Who acts: Istanbul, Ottomans. A sentence of the lesson «The Middle East and Central Asia» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Middle East and Central Asia, sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Istanbul was Constantinople, the Byzantine capital, which the Ottomans conquered in 1453.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Istanbul, Ottomans · **What happens:** be, conquer · **To what, where:** Constantinople, Byzantine capital, 1453

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Middle East and Central Asia» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Istanbul, Ottomans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:012-middle-east-and-central-asia.lesson:10
# text = Istanbul was Constantinople, the Byzantine capital, which the Ottomans conquered in 1453.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 012-middle-east-and-central-asia.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Istanbul	Istanbul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	Constantinople	Constantinople	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Byzantine	Byzantine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Ottomans	Ottoman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur
12	conquered	conquer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	1453	1453	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	obl	_	_
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Istanbul | Constantinople |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **conquer** | past | the Ottomans | the Byzantine capital |  | 1453 |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:012-middle-east-and-central-asia.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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