---
title: Cairo (the capital of Egypt), Lagos and Kinshasa are Africa's larges… — Africa: countries and capitals · tree and pragmatics
description: Cairo (the capital of Egypt), Lagos and Kinshasa are Africa's largest cities, each with well over 15 million people in their wider urban areas. Who acts: Cairo. A sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the
---

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# Africa: countries and capitals, sentence 11

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Cairo (the capital of Egypt), Lagos and Kinshasa are Africa's largest cities, each with well over 15 million people in their wider urban areas.

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**Who acts:** Cairo · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** largest cities

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cairo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:11
# text = Cairo (the capital of Egypt), Lagos and Kinshasa are Africa's largest cities, each with well over 15 million people in their wider urban areas.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Cairo	Cairo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Lagos	Lagos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Kinshasa	Kinshasa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
13	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	_
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	16	amod	_	_
16	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	appos	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
20	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	23	advmod	_	_
21	over	over	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	compound	_	_
23	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
26	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
27	wider	wide	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	29	amod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBR:Degree=Cmp
28	urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Cairo and Lagos and Kinshasa | Africa's largest cities |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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