---
title: Ethiopia, with its capital Addis Ababa, home of the African Union, k… — Africa: countries and capitals · tree and pragmatics
description: Ethiopia, with its capital Addis Ababa, home of the African Union, kept its independence through the colonial period, apart from an Italian occupation from 1936 to 1941. Who acts: Ethiopia. A sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school wit
---

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# Africa: countries and capitals, sentence 13

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Ethiopia, with its capital Addis Ababa, home of the African Union, kept its independence through the colonial period, apart from an Italian occupation from 1936 to 1941.

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**Who acts:** Ethiopia · **What happens:** keep · **To what, where:** independence, colonial period

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ethiopia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:13
# text = Ethiopia, with its capital Addis Ababa, home of the African Union, kept its independence through the colonial period, apart from an Italian occupation from 1936 to 1941.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Ethiopia	Ethiopia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
6	Addis	Addis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
7	Ababa	Ababa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=1:appos
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	African	African	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	Union	Union	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
15	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	through	through	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	colonial	colonial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
24	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	Italian	Italian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	occupation	occupation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
28	from	from	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	1936	1936	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	27	nmod	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	1941	1941	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	29	nmod	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | Ethiopia | capital's independence |  | the colonial period |  | from a Italian occupation from 1936 to 1941 | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent independence=Theme through period=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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