--- title: At the Berlin Conference of 1884 and 1885 European powers agreed rul… — Africa: countries and capitals · tree and pragmatics description: At the Berlin Conference of 1884 and 1885 European powers agreed rules for dividing Africa without any African present, and by 1914 only Ethiopia and Liberia were independent. Who acts: European powers, rules, Ethiopia. A sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography cours --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Africa: countries and capitals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/) / 14 # Africa: countries and capitals, sentence 14 At the Berlin Conference of 1884 and 1885 European powers agreed rules for dividing Africa without any African present, and by 1914 only Ethiopia and Liberia were independent. **Who acts:** European powers, rules, Ethiopia · **What happens:** agree, divide, be · **To what, where:** rules, Berlin Conference, Africa This is a sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (European powers, rules, Ethiopia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:14 # text = At the Berlin Conference of 1884 and 1885 European powers agreed rules for dividing Africa without any African present, and by 1914 only Ethiopia and Liberia were independent. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 At at ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 Berlin Berlin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 Conference Conference PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 1884 1884 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 4 nmod _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 1885 1885 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 conj _ _ 9 European European ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 powers power NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 11 agreed agree VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 rules rule NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ 13 for for SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 14 dividing divide VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 acl _ _ 15 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 16 without without ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 17 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 19 det _ _ 18 African African ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 present present NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=11:punct 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 22 by by ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 1914 1914 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 29 obl _ _ 24 only only ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 Ethiopia Ethiopia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 Liberia Liberia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 conj _ _ 28 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 29 independent independent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 conj _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=29:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **agree** *speech: agree* | past | European powers | rules | | the Berlin Conference of 1884 | | | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent rule=Topic | | 2 | **divide** | gerund | rules *not said here* | Africa | | | | without any African present | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent africa=Theme | | 3 | **is** | past | Ethiopia and Liberia | | | | | by 1914; independent *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Africa: countries and capitals, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/13/) - next →: [Africa: countries and capitals, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/)