--- title: Between the 1500s and the 1800s about 12.5 million Africans were for… — Africa: countries and capitals · tree and pragmatics description: Between the 1500s and the 1800s about 12.5 million Africans were forced onto ships to the Americas, and roughly 1.8 million died during the crossing. Who acts: 1.8 million. A sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Africa: countries and capitals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/) / 15 # Africa: countries and capitals, sentence 15 Between the 1500s and the 1800s about 12.5 million Africans were forced onto ships to the Americas, and roughly 1.8 million died during the crossing. **Who acts:** 1.8 million · **What happens:** force, die · **To what, where:** million Africans, ships This is a sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (1.8 million), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:15 # text = Between the 1500s and the 1800s about 12.5 million Africans were forced onto ships to the Americas, and roughly 1.8 million died during the crossing. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Between between ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 1500s 1500 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 12 obl _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 1800s 1800 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 3 conj _ _ 7 about about ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:advmod 8 12.5 12.5 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 9 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:nummod 9 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 10 Africans african PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 12 nsubj:pass _ _ 11 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux:pass _ _ 12 forced force VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 13 onto onto ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 ships ship NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 15 to to ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 Americas Americas PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 12 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:nmod 18 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 20 roughly roughly ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 21 1.8 1.8 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 22 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:nummod 22 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 23 nsubj _ _ 23 died die VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 24 during during ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 crossing crossing NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **force** | past · passive | | million Africans | | ships | | between the 1500s and the 1800s; to the Americas | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient | | 2 | **die** | past | 1.8 million | | | | during the crossing | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Africa: countries and capitals, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/14/) - next →: [Africa: countries and capitals, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/)