---
title: More than 2,000 languages are spoken in Africa, and Swahili is a sha… — Africa: countries and capitals · tree and pragmatics
description: More than 2,000 languages are spoken in Africa, and Swahili is a shared language for well over 100 million people in East Africa. Who acts: Swahili. A sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# Africa: countries and capitals, sentence 20

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More than 2,000 languages are spoken in Africa, and Swahili is a shared language for well over 100 million people in East Africa.

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**Who acts:** Swahili · **What happens:** speak, share, be · **To what, where:** 2,000 languages, Africa, shared language · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swahili), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:20
# text = More than 2,000 languages are spoken in Africa, and Swahili is a shared language for well over 100 million people in East Africa.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	More	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	3	advmod	_	_
2	than	than	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	2,000	2000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	Swahili	Swahili	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=15:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	shared	share	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
17	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	20	advmod	_	_
18	over	over	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	compound	_	_
20	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | 2,000 languages |  | Africa |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **share** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Swahili | a shared language |  |  |  | for million people in East Africa | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:20`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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