--- title: Long before that, Africa had great states of its own: the Mali Empir… — Africa: countries and capitals · tree and pragmatics description: Long before that, Africa had great states of its own: the Mali Empire of the 1300s was one of the richest in the world, and its ruler Mansa Musa carried so much gold to Mecca in 1324 that the price of gold fell in Cairo. Who acts: Africa, Mali Empire, ruler, price. A sentence of the lesson «Africa: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Africa: countries and capitals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/) / 3 # Africa: countries and capitals, sentence 3 Long before that, Africa had great states of its own: the Mali Empire of the 1300s was one of the richest in the world, and its ruler Mansa Musa carried so much gold to Mecca in 1324 that the price of gold fell in Cairo. **Who acts:** Africa, Mali Empire, ruler, price · **What happens:** have, be, carry, fall · **To what, where:** great states, one, much gold, Mecca, 1324, Cairo This is a sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Africa, Mali Empire, ruler, price), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:3 # text = Long before that, Africa had great states of its own: the Mali Empire of the 1300s was one of the richest in the world, and its ruler Mansa Musa carried so much gold to Mecca in 1324 that the price of gold fell in Cairo. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 6 advmod _ _ 2 before before ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 that that PRON DT PronType=Dem 1 obl _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 5 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 states state NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 nmod _ _ 12 : : PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 Mali Mali PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 compound _ _ 15 Empire Empire PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=20:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 16 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 1300s 1300 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 15 nmod _ _ 19 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 cop _ _ 20 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 6 parataxis _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 richest rich ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 20 nmod _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 29 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ _ 30 ruler ruler NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 31 Mansa Mansa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 appos _ _ 32 Musa Musa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 flat _ _ 33 carried carry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 34 so so ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=36:advmod 35 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=36:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 36 gold gold NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 37 to to ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 Mecca Mecca PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 obl _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 1324 1324 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 33 obl _ _ 41 that that SCONJ IN _ 46 mark _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 price price NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 nsubj _ _ 44 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 gold gold NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 nmod _ _ 46 fell fall VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 33 advcl _ _ 47 in in ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 Cairo Cairo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 46 obl _ _ 49 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | Africa | great states of room's own | | | | long *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent state=Patient | | 2 | **is a** | past | the Mali Empire of the 1300s | one | | | | of the richest | tree rules | | 3 | **carry** | past | Empire's ruler | much gold | Mecca | 1324 | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent gold=Theme to mecca=Destination | | 4 | **fall** | past | the price of gold | | | Cairo | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in cairo=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Africa: countries and capitals, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/2/) - next →: [Africa: countries and capitals, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/)