--- title: The game shows forts as trade posts, but it hides the human cost: ab… — Africa: countries and capitals · tree and pragmatics description: The game shows forts as trade posts, but it hides the human cost: about 12.5 million Africans were forced onto ships to the Americas. Who acts: game. A sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Africa: countries and capitals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/) / 5 # Africa: countries and capitals, sentence 5 The game shows forts as trade posts, but it hides the human cost: about 12.5 million Africans were forced onto ships to the Americas. **Who acts:** game · **What happens:** show, hide, force · **To what, where:** forts, human cost, million Africans, ships This is a sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (game), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:5 # text = The game shows forts as trade posts, but it hides the human cost: about 12.5 million Africans were forced onto ships to the Americas. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 game game NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 forts fort NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 as as ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 trade trade NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 posts post NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 but but CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 hides hide VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 human human ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 cost cost NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 15 : : PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 16 about about ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=18:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 17 12.5 12.5 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 18 compound _ _ 18 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 19 nummod _ _ 19 Africans african PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 21 nsubj:pass _ _ 20 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux:pass _ _ 21 forced force VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:acl 22 onto onto ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 ships ship NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ _ 24 to to ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 Americas Americas PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 21 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:nmod 27 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | present | the game | forts | | | | as trade posts | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent fort=Recipient | | 2 | **hide** | present | game | the human cost | | | | | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cost=Patient | | 3 | **force** | past · passive | | million Africans | | ships | | to the Americas | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Africa: countries and capitals, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/4/) - next →: [Africa: countries and capitals, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/)