---
title: Mexico City was built on the ruins of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capita… — Latin America and the Caribbean · tree and pragmatics
description: Mexico City was built on the ruins of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital on an island in Lake Texcoco, which the Spanish conquered in 1521. Who acts: Spanish. A sentence of the lesson «Latin America and the Caribbean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# Latin America and the Caribbean, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mexico City was built on the ruins of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital on an island in Lake Texcoco, which the Spanish conquered in 1521.

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**Who acts:** Spanish · **What happens:** build, conquer, ruin · **To what, where:** Mexico, ruins, island, 1521, Tenochtitlan

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Latin America and the Caribbean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spanish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:014-latin-america-and-the-caribbean.lesson:11
# text = Mexico City was built on the ruins of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital on an island in Lake Texcoco, which the Spanish conquered in 1521.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 014-latin-america-and-the-caribbean.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	City	City	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ruins	ruin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Tenochtitlan	Tenochtitlan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Aztec	Aztec	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	Texcoco	Texcoco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	flat	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	obj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	nsubj	_	_
24	conquered	conquer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	1521	1521	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	24	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past · passive |  | Mexico |  | the ruins of Tenochtitlan |  | on a island in Lake | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme on ruin=Source |
| 2 | **conquer** | past | the Spanish | a island in Lake |  | 1521 |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient |
| 3 | **ruin** |  |  | Tenochtitlan |  |  |  |  | nom ruin «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:014-latin-america-and-the-caribbean.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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