--- title: The Caribbean islands were colonised by Spain, Britain, France, the… — Latin America and the Caribbean · tree and pragmatics description: The Caribbean islands were colonised by Spain, Britain, France, the Netherlands and Denmark, and Cuba, with its capital Havana, is the largest island; when Columbus arrived in 1492 the islands were home to peoples such as the Taíno. Who acts: Spain, Columbus, islands. A sentence of the lesson «Latin --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Latin America and the Caribbean](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/) / 18 # Latin America and the Caribbean, sentence 18 The Caribbean islands were colonised by Spain, Britain, France, the Netherlands and Denmark, and Cuba, with its capital Havana, is the largest island; when Columbus arrived in 1492 the islands were home to peoples such as the Taíno. **Who acts:** Spain, Columbus, islands · **What happens:** colonise, be, arrive · **To what, where:** Caribbean islands, largest island, 1492 This is a sentence of the lesson «Latin America and the Caribbean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spain, Columbus, islands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:014-latin-america-and-the-caribbean.lesson:18 # text = The Caribbean islands were colonised by Spain, Britain, France, the Netherlands and Denmark, and Cuba, with its capital Havana, is the largest island; when Columbus arrived in 1492 the islands were home to peoples such as the Taíno. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 014-latin-america-and-the-caribbean.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Caribbean caribbean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 islands island NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 colonised colonise VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 by by ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 Spain Spain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 France France PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 Netherlands Netherlands PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 Denmark Denmark PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 Cuba Cuba PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=24:punct 21 with with ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 22 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 capital capital NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 compound _ _ 24 Havana havana NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 appos _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 26 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 largest large ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 29 amod _ _ 29 island island NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:parataxis 30 ; ; PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 31 when when SCONJ WRB _ 33 mark _ _ 32 Columbus Columbus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 33 arrived arrive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 41 advcl _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 1492 1492 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 33 obl _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 islands island NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 nsubj _ _ 38 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 41 cop _ _ 39 home home ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 40 to to ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 parataxis _ _ 42 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 45 case _ _ 43 as as ADP IN _ 42 fixed _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 Taíno Taíno PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 nmod _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **colonise** | past · passive | Spain and Britain and France and the Netherlands and Denmark and Cuba | the Caribbean islands | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **is a** | present | Spain and Britain and France and the Netherlands and Denmark and Cuba *not said here* | the largest island | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **arrive** | past | Columbus | | | 1492 | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **is** | past | the islands | | | | | to peoples; such the Taíno; home *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:014-latin-america-and-the-caribbean.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Latin America and the Caribbean, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/17/) - next →: [Latin America and the Caribbean, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/)