--- title: The two polar regions are opposites: the Arctic, at the top of the w… — The Arctic and Antarctica · tree and pragmatics description: The two polar regions are opposites: the Arctic, at the top of the world, is a frozen ocean surrounded by land, while Antarctica, at the bottom, is a continent of land buried under ice and surrounded by ocean. Who acts: two polar regions, Antarctica. A sentence of the lesson «The Arctic and Antarcti --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/15-the-arctic-and-antarctica/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [The Arctic and Antarctica](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/15-the-arctic-and-antarctica/) / 0 # The Arctic and Antarctica, sentence 0 The two polar regions are opposites: the Arctic, at the top of the world, is a frozen ocean surrounded by land, while Antarctica, at the bottom, is a continent of land buried under ice and surrounded by ocean. **Who acts:** two polar regions, Antarctica · **What happens:** be, surround, bury · **To what, where:** opposites, frozen ocean, continent, land, ice This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic and Antarctica» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two polar regions, Antarctica), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:015-the-arctic-and-antarctica.lesson:0 # text = The two polar regions are opposites: the Arctic, at the top of the world, is a frozen ocean surrounded by land, while Antarctica, at the bottom, is a continent of land buried under ice and surrounded by ocean. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 015-the-arctic-and-antarctica.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 2 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _ 3 polar polar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 regions region NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 5 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 6 opposites opposite NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 Arctic Arctic PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 at at ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 top top NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 appos _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 frozen frozen ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 ocean ocean NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj 22 surrounded surround VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 acl _ _ 23 by by ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl:agent _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 while while SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 27 Antarctica Antarctica PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 at at ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 bottom bottom NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 appos _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 33 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 cop _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 continent continent NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 advcl _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nmod _ _ 38 buried bury VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 37 acl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:acl 39 under under ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 42 surrounded surround VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 38 conj _ _ 43 by by ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 ocean ocean NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl:agent _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the two polar regions | opposites | | | | the Arctic *nmod* | tree rules | | 2 | **is a** | present | | a frozen ocean | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **surround** | participle | | a frozen ocean *not said here* | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **is a** | present | Antarctica | a continent | | | | of land | tree rules | | 5 | **bury** | participle | | land *not said here* | | ice | | | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent under ice=Destination | | 6 | **surround** | participle | | | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:015-the-arctic-and-antarctica.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Latin America and the Caribbean, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/14-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/19/) - next →: [The Arctic and Antarctica, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/15-the-arctic-and-antarctica/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/15-the-arctic-and-antarctica/)