---
title: Yet the Arctic was never empty: Inuit, Sámi, Nenets and other people… — The Arctic and Antarctica · tree and pragmatics
description: Yet the Arctic was never empty: Inuit, Sámi, Nenets and other peoples have lived there for thousands of years. Who acts: Arctic, Inuit. A sentence of the lesson «The Arctic and Antarctica» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Arctic and Antarctica, sentence 5

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Yet the Arctic was never empty: Inuit, Sámi, Nenets and other peoples have lived there for thousands of years.

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**Who acts:** Arctic, Inuit · **What happens:** not be, live

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic and Antarctica» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arctic, Inuit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:015-the-arctic-and-antarctica.lesson:5
# text = Yet the Arctic was never empty: Inuit, Sámi, Nenets and other peoples have lived there for thousands of years.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 015-the-arctic-and-antarctica.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Inuit	Inuit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=17:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	Sámi	Sámi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:appos
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Nenets	Nenets	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=12:cc
14	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	lived	live	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	parataxis	_	_
18	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | the Arctic |  |  |  |  | empty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present · perfect | Inuit and Sámi |  |  | there |  | for thousands of years | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:015-the-arctic-and-antarctica.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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