--- title: Mountains and highlands — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Mountains and highlands», a lesson of the geography course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: Most great mountains are pushed up where pieces of the Earth's crust crash together very slowly: India is still pushing into Asia, so the Himala --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / Mountains and highlands # Mountains and highlands Lesson 17 of the geography course of Mova's primary school: 15 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/0/) — Most great mountains are pushed up where pieces of the Earth's crust crash together very slowly: India is still pushing into Asia, so the Himalayas are still rising by a few millimetres a year. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/2/) — The higher you climb, the colder it gets, about 6.5 degrees for every 1,000 metres; that is why snow lies on Kilimanjaro even near the equator. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/3/) — In Europa Universalis 5, mountains are mostly places where attacking armies suffer, and the Alps, the Andes of the Inca and the high, poor provinces of Tibet all appear. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/4/) — But real mountains also make weather: they catch the rain on one side and leave a dry «rain shadow» on the other. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/5/) — Think of a car climbing a mountain road on holiday: the trees get smaller, the air gets colder, your ears pop, and at the top there may be snow in summer. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/6/) — Mount Everest, on the border of Nepal and China, is the highest mountain above sea level at 8,849 metres, a height agreed by both countries in 2020. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/7/) — All 14 mountains higher than 8,000 metres are in the Himalaya and Karakoram ranges of Asia, and K2, at 8,611 metres, is the second highest. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/8/) — The Andes, running about 7,000 km down western South America, are the longest mountain range on land, and Aconcagua, at 6,961 metres, is the highest peak outside Asia. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/9/) — Mauna Kea in Hawaii rises over 10,000 metres from its base on the sea floor, taller than Everest, though only about 4,200 metres stick out above the sea. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/10/) — The summit of Chimborazo in Ecuador is the point on Earth farthest from the planet's centre, even though it is lower above sea level than Everest. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/11/) — The Alps arc across eight countries, and Mont Blanc, on the French-Italian border, is their highest peak at about 4,800 metres, its exact height changing slightly with its ice cap. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/12/) — Denali in Alaska, at 6,190 metres, is the highest in North America, Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, at 5,895 metres, is the highest in Africa, and Mount Vinson, at 4,892 metres, is the highest in Antarctica. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/13/) — Air gets colder by about 6.5 degrees Celsius for every 1,000 metres you climb, and on top of Everest each breath holds only about a third as much oxygen as at sea level. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/14/) — Mountains force moist air to rise and drop rain on the windward side (the side the wind blows onto), leaving a dry rain shadow on the other side. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/16/) — The Scottish Highlands and the Appalachian Mountains of North America are parts of the same ancient mountain chain, formed over 400 million years ago before the Atlantic Ocean opened. - ← previous: [The great rivers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/16-the-great-rivers/) - next →: [Deserts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/18-deserts/) - ↑ back to [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/)