--- title: Most great mountains are pushed up where pieces of the Earth's crust… — Mountains and highlands · tree and pragmatics description: Most great mountains are pushed up where pieces of the Earth's crust crash together very slowly: India is still pushing into Asia, so the Himalayas are still rising by a few millimetres a year. Who acts: pieces, India, Himalayas. A sentence of the lesson «Mountains and highlands» of the geography co --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Mountains and highlands](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/) / 0 # Mountains and highlands, sentence 0 Most great mountains are pushed up where pieces of the Earth's crust crash together very slowly: India is still pushing into Asia, so the Himalayas are still rising by a few millimetres a year. **Who acts:** pieces, India, Himalayas · **What happens:** push up, crash, push, rise · **To what, where:** Most great mountains, Asia This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains and highlands» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pieces, India, Himalayas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:017-mountains-and-highlands.lesson:0 # text = Most great mountains are pushed up where pieces of the Earth's crust crash together very slowly: India is still pushing into Asia, so the Himalayas are still rising by a few millimetres a year. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 017-mountains-and-highlands.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 3 amod _ _ 2 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 mountains mountain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 pushed push VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 up up ADP RP _ 5 compound:prt _ _ 7 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 14 advmod _ _ 8 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nmod:poss _ _ 12 's 's PART POS _ 11 case _ _ 13 crust crust NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 14 crash crash VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 advcl _ _ 15 together together ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 16 very very ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 18 : : PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 19 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 20 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 21 still still ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 22 pushing push VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 14 parataxis _ _ 23 into into ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 Asia Asia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 26 so so ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 Himalayas Himalayas PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 29 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 30 still still ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 rising rise VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 22 conj _ _ 32 by by ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 millimetres millimetre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 36 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nmod:unmarked _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **push up** | present · passive | | Most great mountains | | | | | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **crash** | present | pieces of the Earth's crust | | | | | slowly, together *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **push** | present · progressive | India | | | Asia | still | | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent into asia=Destination | | 4 | **rise** | present · progressive | the Himalayas | | | | still | by a few millimetres a year | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by millimetre=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:017-mountains-and-highlands.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The great rivers, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/16-the-great-rivers/17/) - next →: [Mountains and highlands, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/)