--- title: Mountains force moist air to rise and drop rain on the windward side… — Mountains and highlands · tree and pragmatics description: Mountains force moist air to rise and drop rain on the windward side (the side the wind blows onto), leaving a dry rain shadow on the other side. Who acts: Mountains, moist air, wind. A sentence of the lesson «Mountains and highlands» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its depende --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Mountains and highlands](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/) / 14 # Mountains and highlands, sentence 14 Mountains force moist air to rise and drop rain on the windward side (the side the wind blows onto), leaving a dry rain shadow on the other side. **Who acts:** Mountains, moist air, wind · **What happens:** force, rise, drop, blow, leave · **To what, where:** moist air, rain, windward side, side, dry rain shadow, other side This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains and highlands» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mountains, moist air, wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:017-mountains-and-highlands.lesson:14 # text = Mountains force moist air to rise and drop rain on the windward side (the side the wind blows onto), leaving a dry rain shadow on the other side. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 017-mountains-and-highlands.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Mountains mountain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 force force VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 3 moist moist ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 rise rise VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 xcomp _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 drop drop VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 conj _ _ 9 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 10 on on ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 windward windward ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 14 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 19 punct _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 appos _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 blows blow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 acl:relcl _ _ 20 onto onto ADP IN _ 19 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:advmod 21 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 19 punct _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 leaving leave VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 25 dry dry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 26 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 compound _ _ 27 shadow shadow NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 28 on on ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:nmod 32 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **force** | present | Mountains | moist air | | | | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent air=Recipient clause=Topic | | 2 | **rise** | to-infinitive | moist air *not said here* | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **drop** | infinitive | moist air *not said here* | rain | | the windward side | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent rain=Theme on side=Destination | | 4 | **blow** | present | the wind | the side *not said here* | | | | | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent side=Patient | | 5 | **leave** | gerund | Mountains *not said here* | a dry rain shadow | | the other side | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent shadow=Theme on side=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:017-mountains-and-highlands.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Mountains and highlands, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/13/) - next →: [Mountains and highlands, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/17-mountains-and-highlands/)