--- title: Camels, which can go a long time without water, carry heavy loads an… — Deserts · tree and pragmatics description: Camels, which can go a long time without water, carry heavy loads and cope with heat and sand, made regular caravans across the Sahara possible, carrying salt, gold, cloth and also enslaved people between West Africa and North Africa. Who acts: Camels. A sentence of the lesson «Deserts» of the geogr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/18-deserts/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Deserts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/18-deserts/) / 14 # Deserts, sentence 14 Camels, which can go a long time without water, carry heavy loads and cope with heat and sand, made regular caravans across the Sahara possible, carrying salt, gold, cloth and also enslaved people between West Africa and North Africa. **Who acts:** Camels · **What happens:** go, carry, cope, make, enslave · **To what, where:** heavy loads, regular caravans, Sahara, salt This is a sentence of the lesson «Deserts» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Camels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:018-deserts.lesson:14 # text = Camels, which can go a long time without water, carry heavy loads and cope with heat and sand, made regular caravans across the Sahara possible, carrying salt, gold, cloth and also enslaved people between West Africa and North Africa. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 018-deserts.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Camels camel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 3 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 5 nsubj _ _ 4 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 5 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 1 acl:relcl _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:obj 9 without without ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 carry carry VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 parataxis _ _ 13 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 loads load NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 cope cope VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 17 with with ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 sand sand NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=1:punct 22 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 23 regular regular ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 caravans caravan NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ _ 25 across across ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 Sahara Sahara PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=24:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 28 possible possible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 xcomp _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 carrying carry VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 22 advcl _ _ 31 salt salt NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 33 gold gold NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 conj _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 35 cloth cloth NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 conj _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 37 also also ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 38 enslaved enslave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 39 amod _ _ 39 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 conj _ _ 40 between between ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 West West PROPN NNP Number=Sing 42 compound _ _ 42 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 39 nmod _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 44 North North PROPN NNP Number=Sing 45 compound _ _ 45 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 42 conj _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 22 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **go** | can | Camels | | | | time | without water | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **carry** | present | | heavy loads | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Theme | | 3 | **cope** | present | | | | | | with heat and sand | vn cope-83-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with heat=Theme | | 4 | **make** | past | Camels | regular caravans | | the Sahara | | possible *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset caravan=Product | | 5 | **carry** | gerund | Camels *not said here* | salt and gold and cloth and enslaved people between West Africa and North Africa | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salt=Theme | | 6 | **enslave** | participle | | | | | | | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:018-deserts.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Deserts, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/18-deserts/13/) - next →: [Deserts, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/18-deserts/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/18-deserts/)