---
title: Really camel caravans crossed it for centuries, carrying salt, gold,… — Deserts · tree and pragmatics
description: Really camel caravans crossed it for centuries, carrying salt, gold, cloth and also enslaved people, linking Timbuktu with the salt mines and the Mediterranean. Who acts: camel caravans. A sentence of the lesson «Deserts» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and 
---

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# Deserts, sentence 4

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Really camel caravans crossed it for centuries, carrying salt, gold, cloth and also enslaved people, linking Timbuktu with the salt mines and the Mediterranean.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** camel caravans · **What happens:** cross, carry, enslave, link · **To what, where:** Sahara, salt, Timbuktu

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Deserts» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (camel caravans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:018-deserts.lesson:4
# text = Really camel caravans crossed it for centuries, carrying salt, gold, cloth and also enslaved people, linking Timbuktu with the salt mines and the Mediterranean.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 018-deserts.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Really	really	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	camel	camel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	caravans	caravan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	also	also	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	enslaved	enslave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	linking	link	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	_
21	Timbuktu	Timbuktu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	mines	mine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | past | camel caravans | Sahara |  |  | century |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 2 | **carry** | gerund | camel caravans *not said here* | salt and gold and cloth and enslaved people |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salt=Theme |
| 3 | **enslave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **link** | gerund | camel caravans *not said here* | Timbuktu |  |  |  | with the salt mines and the Mediterranean | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent timbuktu=Patient with mine=Co-Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:018-deserts.lesson:4`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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