--- title: Between about 11,000 and 5,000 years ago the Sahara was much wetter,… — Deserts · tree and pragmatics description: Between about 11,000 and 5,000 years ago the Sahara was much wetter, with lakes, grasslands, hippos and crocodiles, and rock paintings there show swimmers and cattle. Who acts: Sahara, rock paintings. A sentence of the lesson «Deserts» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its depend --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/18-deserts/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Deserts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/18-deserts/) / 9 # Deserts, sentence 9 Between about 11,000 and 5,000 years ago the Sahara was much wetter, with lakes, grasslands, hippos and crocodiles, and rock paintings there show swimmers and cattle. **Who acts:** Sahara, rock paintings · **What happens:** be, show · **To what, where:** swimmers This is a sentence of the lesson «Deserts» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sahara, rock paintings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:018-deserts.lesson:9 # text = Between about 11,000 and 5,000 years ago the Sahara was much wetter, with lakes, grasslands, hippos and crocodiles, and rock paintings there show swimmers and cattle. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 018-deserts.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Between between ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 about about ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 11,000 11,000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:obl 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 5 5,000 5000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:nummod 6 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl:unmarked _ _ 7 ago ago ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 Sahara Sahara PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 10 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 11 much much ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 wetter wet ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 0 root _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 14 with with ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 lakes lake NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 grasslands grassland NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 conj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 hippos hippo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 conj _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 crocodiles crocodile NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 conj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 25 paintings painting NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 26 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 25 advmod _ _ 27 show show VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 advcl _ _ 28 swimmers swimmer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 cattle cattle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 conj _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=3:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | the Sahara | | | | | with lakes and grasslands and hippos and crocodiles; ago, wet *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **show** | present | rock paintings | swimmers and cattle | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent swimmer=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:018-deserts.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Deserts, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/18-deserts/7/) - next →: [Deserts, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/18-deserts/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/18-deserts/)