---
title: From 1429 to 1857 Denmark charged a toll, called the Sound Dues, on… — Straits: Bosporus, Gibraltar, Malacca, Hormuz an… · tree and pragmatics
description: From 1429 to 1857 Denmark charged a toll, called the Sound Dues, on every foreign ship passing through the Øresund strait between Denmark and Sweden. Who acts: Denmark, foreign ship. A sentence of the lesson «Straits: Bosporus, Gibraltar, Malacca, Hormuz and the other narrow doors» of the geography 
---

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# Straits: Bosporus, Gibraltar, Malacca, Hormuz and the other narrow doors, sentence 16

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From 1429 to 1857 Denmark charged a toll, called the Sound Dues, on every foreign ship passing through the Øresund strait between Denmark and Sweden.

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**Who acts:** Denmark, foreign ship · **What happens:** charge, call, pass · **To what, where:** toll, 1429, Øresund strait · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Straits: Bosporus, Gibraltar, Malacca, Hormuz and the other narrow doors» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Denmark, foreign ship), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:019-straits-the-narrow-doors.lesson:16
# text = From 1429 to 1857 Denmark charged a toll, called the Sound Dues, on every foreign ship passing through the Øresund strait between Denmark and Sweden.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 019-straits-the-narrow-doors.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1429	1429	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	1857	1857	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	_
5	Denmark	Denmark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	charged	charge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	toll	toll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	acl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Sound	Sound	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	Dues	due	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	xcomp	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	det	_	_
17	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
19	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	acl	_	_
20	through	through	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	Øresund	Øresund	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	strait	strait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	between	between	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Denmark	Denmark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	Sweden	Sweden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **charge** | past | Denmark | a toll |  | 1429 to 1857 |  | on every foreign ship | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | a toll *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **pass** | gerund | every foreign ship *not said here* |  |  | the Øresund strait between Denmark and Sweden |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through strait=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:019-straits-the-narrow-doors.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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