--- title: That is why straits made rulers rich and fought over: Constantinople… — Straits: Bosporus, Gibraltar, Malacca, Hormuz an… · tree and pragmatics description: That is why straits made rulers rich and fought over: Constantinople guarded the Bosporus, Denmark charged every foreign ship a toll at the Øresund from 1429 to 1857, and Portugal seized Malacca in 1511 and Hormuz in 1515. Who acts: straits, Constantinople, Denmark, Portugal. A sentence of the lesso --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/19-straits-the-narrow-doors/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Straits: Bosporus, Gibraltar, Malacca,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/19-straits-the-narrow-doors/) / 2 # Straits: Bosporus, Gibraltar, Malacca, Hormuz and the other narrow doors, sentence 2 That is why straits made rulers rich and fought over: Constantinople guarded the Bosporus, Denmark charged every foreign ship a toll at the Øresund from 1429 to 1857, and Portugal seized Malacca in 1511 and Hormuz in 1515. **Who acts:** straits, Constantinople, Denmark, Portugal · **What happens:** make, fight over, guard, charge, seize · **To what, where:** rulers, Bosporus, toll, foreign ship, Øresund, Malacca This is a sentence of the lesson «Straits: Bosporus, Gibraltar, Malacca, Hormuz and the other narrow doors» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (straits, Constantinople, Denmark, Portugal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:019-straits-the-narrow-doors.lesson:2 # text = That is why straits made rulers rich and fought over: Constantinople guarded the Bosporus, Denmark charged every foreign ship a toll at the Øresund from 1429 to 1857, and Portugal seized Malacca in 1511 and Hormuz in 1515. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 019-straits-the-narrow-doors.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 That that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 2 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 why why ADV WRB PronType=Rel 5 advmod _ _ 4 straits strait NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 6 rulers ruler NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 7 rich rich ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 xcomp _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 fought fight VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 10 over over ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 11 : : PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 12 Constantinople Constantinople PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 guarded guard VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 Bosporus Bosporus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 Denmark Denmark PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 18 charged charge VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 parataxis _ _ 19 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 21 det _ _ 20 foreign foreign ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 ship ship NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 iobj _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 toll toll NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 24 at at ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 Øresund Øresund PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 27 from from ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 1429 1429 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 18 obl _ _ 29 to to ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 1857 1857 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 28 nmod _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 33 Portugal Portugal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 34 seized seize VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 35 Malacca Malacca PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 36 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 1511 1511 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 34 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=34:obl|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 39 Hormuz Hormuz PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 conj _ _ 40 in in ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 1515 1515 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 34 obl _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | past | straits | rulers | | | | rich *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ruler=Product | | 2 | **fight over** | past | straits *not said here* | | | | | over *property* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **guard** | past | Constantinople | | the Bosporus | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bosporus=Beneficiary | | 4 | **charge** | past | Denmark | a toll | every foreign ship | the Øresund | | from 1429 to 1857 | vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP NP.asset»: agent=Agent ship=Recipient toll=Asset | | 5 | **seize** | past | Portugal | Malacca | | 1511 and Hormuz | | in 1515 | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent malacca=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:019-straits-the-narrow-doors.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Straits: Bosporus, Gibraltar, Malacca,…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/19-straits-the-narrow-doors/1/) - next →: [Straits: Bosporus, Gibraltar, Malacca,…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/19-straits-the-narrow-doors/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/19-straits-the-narrow-doors/)