--- title: For centuries sailors could not find their longitude at sea, until J… — Directions, latitude and longitude · tree and pragmatics description: For centuries sailors could not find their longitude at sea, until John Harrison built an accurate marine clock, his H4 watch, which was tested at sea in 1761; the Earth turns 15 degrees every hour, so each hour between London time and local noon means 15 degrees of longitude. Who acts: sailors, Joh --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Directions, latitude and longitude](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/) / 12 # Directions, latitude and longitude, sentence 12 For centuries sailors could not find their longitude at sea, until John Harrison built an accurate marine clock, his H4 watch, which was tested at sea in 1761; the Earth turns 15 degrees every hour, so each hour between London time and local noon means 15 degrees of longitude. **Who acts:** sailors, John, Earth, hour · **What happens:** not find, build, test, turn, mean · **To what, where:** longitude, sea, accurate marine clock, H4 watch, 15 degrees This is a sentence of the lesson «Directions, latitude and longitude» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sailors, John, Earth, hour), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:002-directions-latitude-and-longitude.lesson:12 # text = For centuries sailors could not find their longitude at sea, until John Harrison built an accurate marine clock, his H4 watch, which was tested at sea in 1761; the Earth turns 15 degrees every hour, so each hour between London time and local noon means 15 degrees of longitude. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 002-directions-latitude-and-longitude.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 For for ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 centuries century NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 3 sailors sailor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 4 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 5 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 6 advmod _ _ 6 find find VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 7 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 8 longitude longitude NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 9 at at ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 12 until until SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 13 John John PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 14 Harrison Harrison PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 flat _ _ 15 built build VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ _ 16 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 17 accurate accurate ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 18 marine marine ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 19 clock clock NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 22 H4 h4 NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 watch watch NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 appos _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 27 nsubj:pass _ _ 26 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux:pass _ _ 27 tested test VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 acl:relcl _ _ 28 at at ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 1761 1761 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 27 obl _ _ 32 ; ; PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=35:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 35 turns turn VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 36 15 15 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 37 nummod _ _ 37 degrees degree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obj _ _ 38 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 39 det _ _ 39 hour hour NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl:unmarked _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 41 so so ADV RB _ 50 advmod _ _ 42 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 43 det _ _ 43 hour hour NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 nsubj _ _ 44 between between ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 45 London London PROPN NNP Number=Sing 46 compound _ _ 46 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 nmod _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 48 local local ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 49 amod _ _ 49 noon noon NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 conj _ _ 50 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 parataxis _ _ 51 15 15 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 52 nummod _ _ 52 degrees degree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 50 obj _ _ 53 of of ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 54 longitude longitude NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 nmod _ _ 55 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **find** | could | sailors | sailors's longitude | | sea | century | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent longitude=Theme at sea=Asset | | 2 | **build** | past | John | a accurate marine clock | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clock=Product | | 3 | **test** | past · passive | | John's H4 watch | | sea | | in 1761 | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 4 | **turn** | present | the Earth | 15 degrees | | | hour | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent degree=Theme | | 5 | **mean** | present | each hour between London time and local noon | 15 degrees of longitude | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent degree=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:002-directions-latitude-and-longitude.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Directions, latitude and longitude, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/11/) - next →: [Directions, latitude and longitude, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/)