--- title: Latitude was easy for sailors: the higher the Pole Star stands in th… — Directions, latitude and longitude · tree and pragmatics description: Latitude was easy for sailors: the higher the Pole Star stands in the sky, the further north you are, a trick Portuguese captains used as they crept down Africa's coast. Who acts: Latitude, higher Pole Star, Portuguese captains. A sentence of the lesson «Directions, latitude and longitude» of the ge --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Directions, latitude and longitude](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/) / 2 # Directions, latitude and longitude, sentence 2 Latitude was easy for sailors: the higher the Pole Star stands in the sky, the further north you are, a trick Portuguese captains used as they crept down Africa's coast. **Who acts:** Latitude, higher Pole Star, Portuguese captains · **What happens:** be, stand, use, creep down · **To what, where:** sky, Portuguese captains, trick, coast This is a sentence of the lesson «Directions, latitude and longitude» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Latitude, higher Pole Star, Portuguese captains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:002-directions-latitude-and-longitude.lesson:2 # text = Latitude was easy for sailors: the higher the Pole Star stands in the sky, the further north you are, a trick Portuguese captains used as they crept down Africa's coast. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 002-directions-latitude-and-longitude.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Latitude latitude NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 easy easy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 4 for for ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 sailors sailor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 8 higher high ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 11 amod _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 Pole Pole PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 Star Star PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 12 stands stand VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 sky sky NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 further further ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 north north NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 20 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 nmod _ _ 21 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 cop _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=26:punct 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=26:det 24 trick trick NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:appos 25 Portuguese portuguese ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 captains captain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 27 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 acl:relcl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=24:acl:relcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 28 as as SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 29 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 30 crept creep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 advcl _ _ 31 down down ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 32 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 nmod:poss _ _ 33 's 's PART POS _ 32 case _ _ 34 coast coast NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=30:obj 35 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | Latitude | | | | | for sailors; easy *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **stand** | present | the higher Pole Star | | | the sky | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in sky=Location | | 3 | **is a** | present | | Portuguese captains | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **use** | past | Portuguese captains | a trick *not said here* | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Patient | | 5 | **creep down** | past | latitude | Africa's coast | | | | down *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:002-directions-latitude-and-longitude.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Directions, latitude and longitude, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/1/) - next →: [Directions, latitude and longitude, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/2-directions-latitude-and-longitude/)