--- title: The Panama Canal, opened in 1914, needs locks, because ships climb a… — Canals: Suez, Panama and the shortcuts · tree and pragmatics description: The Panama Canal, opened in 1914, needs locks, because ships climb about 26 metres to Gatun Lake and back down; every ship uses about 200 million litres of fresh water, so a drought in 2023 forced the canal to let fewer ships through. Who acts: Panama Canal, ships, ship, drought. A sentence of the l --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/20-canals-suez-panama-and-the-shortcuts/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Canals: Suez, Panama and the shortcuts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/20-canals-suez-panama-and-the-shortcuts/) / 3 # Canals: Suez, Panama and the shortcuts, sentence 3 The Panama Canal, opened in 1914, needs locks, because ships climb about 26 metres to Gatun Lake and back down; every ship uses about 200 million litres of fresh water, so a drought in 2023 forced the canal to let fewer ships through. **Who acts:** Panama Canal, ships, ship, drought, canal · **What happens:** open, need, climb, use, force, let · **To what, where:** Panama Canal, 1914, locks, 26 metres, million litres, canal This is a sentence of the lesson «Canals: Suez, Panama and the shortcuts» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Panama Canal, ships, ship, drought), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:020-canals-suez-panama-and-the-shortcuts.lesson:3 # text = The Panama Canal, opened in 1914, needs locks, because ships climb about 26 metres to Gatun Lake and back down; every ship uses about 200 million litres of fresh water, so a drought in 2023 forced the canal to let fewer ships through. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 020-canals-suez-panama-and-the-shortcuts.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Panama Panama PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 Canal Canal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 5 opened open VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 acl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:acl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 1914 1914 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 needs need VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 locks lock NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 because because SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _ 13 ships ship NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 14 climb climb VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 advcl _ _ 15 about about ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 16 26 26 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 17 nummod _ _ 17 metres metre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:obj 18 to to ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 Gatun Gatun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 Lake Lake PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nmod _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 back back ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 23 down down ADV RB _ 17 conj _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 26 det _ _ 26 ship ship NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 uses use VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 advcl _ _ 28 about about ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 29 200 200 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 30 compound _ _ 30 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 31 nummod _ _ 31 litres litre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 fresh fresh ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nmod _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 36 so so ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 drought drought NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 2023 2023 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 38 nmod _ _ 41 forced force VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 canal canal NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obj _ _ 44 to to PART TO _ 45 mark _ _ 45 let let VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 41 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=43:acl 46 fewer few ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 47 amod _ _ 47 ships ship NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 obj _ _ 48 through through ADV RB _ 45 advmod _ _ 49 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=5:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **open** | participle | | the Panama Canal *not said here* | | 1914 | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1914=Location | | 2 | **need** | present | the Panama Canal | locks | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot lock=Theme | | 3 | **climb** | present | ships | 26 metres to Gatun Lake | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **use** | present | every ship | million litres of fresh water | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litre=Patient | | 5 | **force** | past | a drought in 2023 | the canal | | | | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent canal=Recipient clause=Topic | | 6 | **let** | to-infinitive | the canal *not said here* | fewer ships | | | | through *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ship=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:020-canals-suez-panama-and-the-shortcuts.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Canals: Suez, Panama and the shortcuts, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/20-canals-suez-panama-and-the-shortcuts/2/) - next →: [Canals: Suez, Panama and the shortcuts, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/20-canals-suez-panama-and-the-shortcuts/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/20-canals-suez-panama-and-the-shortcuts/)