---
title: Australian children have Christmas in summer because in December the… — Climate zones and why they are where they are · tree and pragmatics
description: Australian children have Christmas in summer because in December the southern hemisphere leans towards the Sun. Who acts: Australian children, southern hemisphere. A sentence of the lesson «Climate zones and why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its depen
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/21-climate-zones-and-why-they-are-where-they-are/20/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Climate zones and why they are where t…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/21-climate-zones-and-why-they-are-where-they-are/) / 20

# Climate zones and why they are where they are, sentence 20

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Australian children have Christmas in summer because in December the southern hemisphere leans towards the Sun.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Australian children, southern hemisphere · **What happens:** have, lean · **To what, where:** Christmas

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Climate zones and why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Australian children, southern hemisphere), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:021-climate-zones-and-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:20
# text = Australian children have Christmas in summer because in December the southern hemisphere leans towards the Sun.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 021-climate-zones-and-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	hemisphere	hemisphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	leans	lean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
14	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Sun.	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Australian children | Christmas |  |  | summer |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent christmas=Patient |
| 2 | **lean** | present | the southern hemisphere |  |  |  | december | towards the Sun. | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:021-climate-zones-and-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:20`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Climate zones and why they are where t…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/21-climate-zones-and-why-they-are-where-they-are/19/)
- next →: [Winds, monsoons and ocean currents, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/0/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/21-climate-zones-and-why-they-are-where-they-are/)