--- title: Winds, monsoons and ocean currents — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Winds, monsoons and ocean currents», a lesson of the geography course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: On a sunny afternoon at the beach the land heats faster than the sea, the warm air over the sand rises, and cooler air slides in from --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / Winds, monsoons and ocean currents # Winds, monsoons and ocean currents Lesson 22 of the geography course of Mova's primary school: 20 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/0/) — On a sunny afternoon at the beach the land heats faster than the sea, the warm air over the sand rises, and cooler air slides in from the water to take its place: that is a sea breeze. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/1/) — Wind everywhere is the same thing, air rushing from where the pressure is high to where it is low. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/2/) — On the scale of the whole planet this makes belts of steady winds: the trade winds blowing from the east in the tropics, the westerlies over places like Britain, calm patches at the equator, and wild westerlies far in the south. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/3/) — Because Earth spins, moving air and water do not go straight but curve, to the right in the north and to the left in the south. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/4/) — That curving turns ocean currents into giant wheels called gyres. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/5/) — Over India the winds swap with the seasons: in summer wet wind blows in from the ocean and brings the monsoon rains, in winter dry wind blows out from the land. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/6/) — In Europa Universalis 5 the Indian Ocean trade between Gujarat, Calicut, Aden and Malacca flows all year round. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/7/) — Real ships could not do that: they sailed with the monsoon and often waited months in port for the wind to turn, and the way out and the way back across the Atlantic were different routes. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/8/) — Wind is air moving from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/9/) — The trade winds blow steadily from the east towards the equator in the tropics, from the north-east in the northern hemisphere and the south-east in the southern. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/10/) — In the middle latitudes, such as over Britain, the main winds blow from the west and are called the westerlies. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/11/) — Because Earth spins, moving air and water are bent to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere, which is called the Coriolis effect. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/12/) — The Coriolis effect is too weak to decide which way water drains from a bath or a sink. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/13/) — The South Asian monsoon is a seasonal reversal of winds: in summer moist winds blow from the Indian Ocean onto India, and in winter dry winds blow out from the land. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/14/) — Arab, Persian, Indian and Chinese sailors timed their voyages across the Indian Ocean to the monsoon, often waiting months in port for the wind to turn. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/15/) — The Gulf Stream is a strong, warm ocean current that flows from the Gulf of Mexico up the east coast of North America and then across the Atlantic. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/16/) — Each big ocean has huge circular currents called gyres, turning clockwise in the northern hemisphere and anticlockwise in the southern, and floating rubbish such as plastic gets trapped in their calm middle. - [17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/17/) — Cold currents such as the Humboldt Current off Peru and the Benguela Current off south-west Africa flow towards the equator along the western coasts of continents; they bring plenty of food for fish but little rain, so the shores beside them are often desert. - [18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/18/) — Near the equator lies a zone of weak, changing winds called the doldrums, where sailing ships could be stuck for days. - [19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/19/) — Between about 40 and 50 degrees south, strong westerly winds blow almost without land to slow them down, and sailors called them the Roaring Forties; Dutch ships used them to race east from the Cape of Good Hope towards the East Indies. - ← previous: [Climate zones and why they are where they are](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/21-climate-zones-and-why-they-are-where-they-are/) - next →: [Weather, storms and the changing climate](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/) - ↑ back to [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/)