--- title: Arab, Persian, Indian and Chinese sailors timed their voyages across… — Winds, monsoons and ocean currents · tree and pragmatics description: Arab, Persian, Indian and Chinese sailors timed their voyages across the Indian Ocean to the monsoon, often waiting months in port for the wind to turn. Who acts: Arab sailors, sailors. A sentence of the lesson «Winds, monsoons and ocean currents» of the geography course of Mova's primary school wit --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Winds, monsoons and ocean currents](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/) / 14 # Winds, monsoons and ocean currents, sentence 14 Arab, Persian, Indian and Chinese sailors timed their voyages across the Indian Ocean to the monsoon, often waiting months in port for the wind to turn. **Who acts:** Arab sailors, sailors · **What happens:** time, wait, turn, voyage · **To what, where:** voyages, Indian Ocean, port This is a sentence of the lesson «Winds, monsoons and ocean currents» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arab sailors, sailors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:022-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents.lesson:14 # text = Arab, Persian, Indian and Chinese sailors timed their voyages across the Indian Ocean to the monsoon, often waiting months in port for the wind to turn. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 022-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Arab Arab ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 3 Persian Persian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 1 conj _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 Indian Indian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 1 conj _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 Chinese Chinese ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 1 conj _ _ 8 sailors sailor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 9 timed time VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 voyages voyage NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 12 across across ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 Indian Indian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 Ocean Ocean PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 16 to to ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 monsoon monsoon NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 often often ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 21 waiting wait VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 9 advcl _ _ 22 months month NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 port port NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 25 for for ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 28 to to PART TO _ 29 mark _ _ 29 turn turn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:acl 30 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **time** | past | Arab sailors | sailors's voyages | | the Indian Ocean | | to the monsoon | vn register-54.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voyage=Theme | | 2 | **wait** | gerund | Arab sailors *not said here* | | | port | month | for the wind; often *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in port=Location | | 3 | **turn** | to-infinitive | Arab sailors *not said here* | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **voyage** | | sailors *= sailor* | | | the Indian Ocean | | | nom voyage «act transitive»: poss=agent across=place | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:022-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Winds, monsoons and ocean currents, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/13/) - next →: [Winds, monsoons and ocean currents, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/)