--- title: Cold currents such as the Humboldt Current off Peru and the Benguela… — Winds, monsoons and ocean currents · tree and pragmatics description: Cold currents such as the Humboldt Current off Peru and the Benguela Current off south-west Africa flow towards the equator along the western coasts of continents; they bring plenty of food for fish but little rain, so the shores beside them are often desert. Who acts: Cold currents, currents, shore --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Winds, monsoons and ocean currents](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/) / 17 # Winds, monsoons and ocean currents, sentence 17 Cold currents such as the Humboldt Current off Peru and the Benguela Current off south-west Africa flow towards the equator along the western coasts of continents; they bring plenty of food for fish but little rain, so the shores beside them are often desert. **Who acts:** Cold currents, currents, shores · **What happens:** flow, bring, be · **To what, where:** western coasts, plenty This is a sentence of the lesson «Winds, monsoons and ocean currents» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cold currents, currents, shores), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:022-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents.lesson:17 # text = Cold currents such as the Humboldt Current off Peru and the Benguela Current off south-west Africa flow towards the equator along the western coasts of continents; they bring plenty of food for fish but little rain, so the shores beside them are often desert. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 022-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 currents current NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 3 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 7 case _ _ 4 as as ADP IN _ 3 fixed _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 Humboldt Humboldt PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 Current Current PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 8 off off ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 Peru Peru PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 Benguela Benguela PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 Current Current PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=7:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 14 off off ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 15 south south NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 16 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 18 punct _ _ 17 west west ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 19 flow flow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 20 towards towards ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 equator equator NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 along along ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 western western ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 coasts coast NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 continents continent NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nmod _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 31 bring bring VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:conj 32 plenty plenty NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 33 of of ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 35 for for ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 37 but but CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 38 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 conj _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 41 so so ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 shores shore NOUN NNS Number=Plur 48 nsubj _ _ 44 beside beside ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nmod _ _ 46 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 48 cop _ _ 47 often often ADV RB _ 48 advmod _ _ 48 desert desert ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 conj _ _ 49 . . PUNCT . _ 19 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=48:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **flow** | present | Cold currents such the Humboldt Current off Peru and the Benguela Current off south west Africa | | | the western coasts of continents | | towards the equator | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along coast=Location | | 2 | **bring** | present | currents *= current* | plenty of food for fish but little rain | | | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent plenty=Theme | | 3 | **is** | present | the shores beside currents | | | | | desert, often *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:022-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Winds, monsoons and ocean currents, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/16/) - next →: [Winds, monsoons and ocean currents, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/)