--- title: Between about 40 and 50 degrees south, strong westerly winds blow al… — Winds, monsoons and ocean currents · tree and pragmatics description: Between about 40 and 50 degrees south, strong westerly winds blow almost without land to slow them down, and sailors called them the Roaring Forties; Dutch ships used them to race east from the Cape of Good Hope towards the East Indies. Who acts: strong westerly winds, sailors, Dutch ships. A senten --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Winds, monsoons and ocean currents](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/) / 19 # Winds, monsoons and ocean currents, sentence 19 Between about 40 and 50 degrees south, strong westerly winds blow almost without land to slow them down, and sailors called them the Roaring Forties; Dutch ships used them to race east from the Cape of Good Hope towards the East Indies. **Who acts:** strong westerly winds, sailors, Dutch ships · **What happens:** blow, slow down, call, use, race · **To what, where:** degrees, Cape · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Winds, monsoons and ocean currents» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (strong westerly winds, sailors, Dutch ships), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:022-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents.lesson:19 # text = Between about 40 and 50 degrees south, strong westerly winds blow almost without land to slow them down, and sailors called them the Roaring Forties; Dutch ships used them to race east from the Cape of Good Hope towards the East Indies. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 022-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×3 1 Between between ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 2 about about ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 40 40 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 50 50 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 conj _ _ 6 degrees degree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 7 south south ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 9 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 10 westerly westerly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 winds wind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 12 blow blow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 13 almost almost ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 14 without without ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 16 to to PART TO _ 17 mark _ _ 17 slow slow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 advcl _ _ 18 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ _ 19 down down ADP RP _ 17 compound:prt _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 sailors sailor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 called call VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:parataxis 24 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 26 Roaring roaring NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 compound _ _ 27 Forties forty PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 23 xcomp _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=23:xcomp|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 28 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 Dutch dutch ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 ships ship NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 parataxis _ _ 32 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 to to PART TO _ 34 mark _ _ 34 race race VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:advcl 35 east east ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 36 from from ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 Cape Cape PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=34:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 39 of of ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 Good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 Hope Hope PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=38:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 42 towards towards ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 44 East East PROPN NNP Number=Sing 45 compound _ _ 45 Indies indy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obl _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **blow** | present | strong westerly winds | | | | | between 40 degrees; without land; almost *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **slow down** | to-infinitive | strong westerly winds *not said here* | degrees *= degree* | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 3 | **call** | past | sailors | degrees *= degree* | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | | 4 | **use** | past | Dutch ships | degrees *= degree* | | | | | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Theme clause=Eventuality | | 5 | **race** | to-infinitive | Dutch ships *not said here* | | | the Cape of Good Hope | | towards the East Indies; east *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards indy=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:022-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents.lesson:19`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Winds, monsoons and ocean currents, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/18/) - next →: [Weather, storms and the changing climate, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/22-winds-monsoons-and-ocean-currents/)