--- title: In Britain much rain comes from fronts, where a mass of warm air mee… — Weather, storms and the changing climate · tree and pragmatics description: In Britain much rain comes from fronts, where a mass of warm air meets a mass of cold air and the warm air is pushed upwards; TV weather maps draw fronts as lines with triangles and half-circles. Who acts: much rain, mass, TV weather maps. A sentence of the lesson «Weather, storms and the changing c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Weather, storms and the changing climate](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/) / 10 # Weather, storms and the changing climate, sentence 10 In Britain much rain comes from fronts, where a mass of warm air meets a mass of cold air and the warm air is pushed upwards; TV weather maps draw fronts as lines with triangles and half-circles. **Who acts:** much rain, mass, TV weather maps · **What happens:** come, meet, push, draw · **To what, where:** Britain, fronts, mass This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (much rain, mass, TV weather maps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:10 # text = In Britain much rain comes from fronts, where a mass of warm air meets a mass of cold air and the warm air is pushed upwards; TV weather maps draw fronts as lines with triangles and half-circles. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 In in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:compound 3 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:obl 5 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 from from ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 fronts front NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 9 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 15 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:obl 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 mass mass NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 15 meets meet VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:conj 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 mass mass NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nmod _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 23 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 conj _ _ 25 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux:pass _ _ 26 pushed push VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 conj _ _ 27 upwards upwards ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 29 TV TV NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:compound 30 weather weather NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 maps map NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ _ 32 draw draw VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 33 fronts front NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obj _ _ 34 as as ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 lines line NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obl _ _ 36 with with ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 triangles triangle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nmod _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 39 half half NOUN NN Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac 41 compound _ _ 40 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 39 punct _ _ 41 circles circle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:conj 42 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | present | much rain | Britain | | fronts | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from front=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **meet** | present | a mass of warm air | a mass of cold air and the warm air | | | | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mass=Co-Agent | | 3 | **push** | present · passive | a mass of warm air *not said here* | | | | | upwards *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP» | | 4 | **draw** | present | TV weather maps | fronts | | | | as lines with triangles and half circles | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent front=Result as line=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Weather, storms and the changing climate, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/9/) - next →: [Weather, storms and the changing climate, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/)