--- title: A thunderstorm forms when warm, moist air rises fast and builds a ta… — Weather, storms and the changing climate · tree and pragmatics description: A thunderstorm forms when warm, moist air rises fast and builds a tall cumulonimbus cloud, where ice and water bump together and build up electric charge. Who acts: thunderstorm, warm moist air, ice. A sentence of the lesson «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova' --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Weather, storms and the changing climate](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/) / 13 # Weather, storms and the changing climate, sentence 13 A thunderstorm forms when warm, moist air rises fast and builds a tall cumulonimbus cloud, where ice and water bump together and build up electric charge. **Who acts:** thunderstorm, warm moist air, ice · **What happens:** form, rise, build, bump, build up · **To what, where:** tall cumulonimbus cloud, electric charge This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thunderstorm, warm moist air, ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:13 # text = A thunderstorm forms when warm, moist air rises fast and builds a tall cumulonimbus cloud, where ice and water bump together and build up electric charge. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 thunderstorm thunderstorm NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 forms form VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 when when SCONJ WRB _ 9 mark _ _ 5 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 7 moist moist ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 rises rise VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 10 fast fast ADV RB Degree=Pos 9 advmod _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 builds build VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 14 tall tall ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 15 cumulonimbus cumulonimbus NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 cloud cloud NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 22 advmod _ _ 19 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ _ 22 bump bump VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 acl:relcl _ _ 23 together together ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:advmod 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 build build VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ _ 26 up up ADP RP _ 25 compound:prt _ _ 27 electric electric ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 charge charge NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=10:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **form** | present | a thunderstorm | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **rise** | present | warm moist air | | | | | fast *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **build** | present | warm moist air *not said here* | a tall cumulonimbus cloud | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cloud=Product | | 4 | **bump** | present | ice and water | | | | | together *property* | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **build up** | present | ice and water *not said here* | electric charge | | | | | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer charge=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Weather, storms and the changing climate, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/12/) - next →: [Weather, storms and the changing climate, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/)