--- title: Light travels much faster than sound, so you see lightning before yo… — Weather, storms and the changing climate · tree and pragmatics description: Light travels much faster than sound, so you see lightning before you hear thunder, and each 3 seconds between them means about 1 kilometre. Who acts: Light, you, 3 seconds. A sentence of the lesson «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Weather, storms and the changing climate](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/) / 14 # Weather, storms and the changing climate, sentence 14 Light travels much faster than sound, so you see lightning before you hear thunder, and each 3 seconds between them means about 1 kilometre. **Who acts:** Light, you, 3 seconds · **What happens:** travel, see, hear, mean · **To what, where:** lightning, thunder, 1 kilometre This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Light, you, 3 seconds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:14 # text = Light travels much faster than sound, so you see lightning before you hear thunder, and each 3 seconds between them means about 1 kilometre. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 travels travel VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 much much ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 faster fast ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 2 advmod _ _ 5 than than ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 so so ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 9 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 10 see see VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 11 lightning lightning NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 12 before before SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _ 13 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 hear hear VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 advcl _ _ 15 thunder thunder NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 18 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 20 det _ _ 19 3 3 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 20 nummod _ _ 20 seconds second NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 21 between between ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod _ _ 23 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 24 about about ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 1 1 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 26 nummod _ _ 26 kilometre kilometre NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **travel** | present | Light | | | | | fast *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **see** | present | you | lightning | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lightning=Stimulus | | 3 | **hear** | present | you | thunder | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thunder=Stimulus | | 4 | **mean** | present | each 3 seconds between ice | 1 kilometre | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilometre=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Weather, storms and the changing climate, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/13/) - next →: [Weather, storms and the changing climate, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/)