--- title: Gases such as carbon dioxide and methane trap some of the heat Earth… — Weather, storms and the changing climate · tree and pragmatics description: Gases such as carbon dioxide and methane trap some of the heat Earth gives off, keeping the planet warm enough for life; without them Earth would average about minus 18 degrees Celsius; this is called the greenhouse effect. Who acts: Gases, Earth. A sentence of the lesson «Weather, storms and the ch --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Weather, storms and the changing climate](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/) / 15 # Weather, storms and the changing climate, sentence 15 Gases such as carbon dioxide and methane trap some of the heat Earth gives off, keeping the planet warm enough for life; without them Earth would average about minus 18 degrees Celsius; this is called the greenhouse effect. **Who acts:** Gases, Earth · **What happens:** trap, give off, keep, average, call · **To what, where:** some, heat, planet, 18 degrees, this · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gases, Earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:15 # text = Gases such as carbon dioxide and methane trap some of the heat Earth gives off, keeping the planet warm enough for life; without them Earth would average about minus 18 degrees Celsius; this is called the greenhouse effect. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Gases gas NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 2 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 5 case _ _ 3 as as ADP IN _ 2 fixed _ _ 4 carbon carbon NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 dioxide dioxide NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 methane methane NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 8 trap trap VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 some some PRON DT PronType=Ind 8 obj _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 13 Earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 gives give VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 acl:relcl _ _ 15 off off ADP RP _ 14 compound:prt _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 keeping keep VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 advcl _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 planet planet NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 20 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 xcomp _ _ 21 enough enough ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 22 for for ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 25 without without ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ _ 27 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 28 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 29 average average VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 conj _ _ 30 about about ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 minus minus SYM $ _ 29 obl _ _ 32 18 18 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 33 nummod _ _ 33 degrees degree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:obl:unmarked 34 Celsius Celsius PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 nmod:unmarked _ _ 35 ; ; PUNCT : _ 38 punct _ _ 36 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 38 nsubj:pass _ _ 37 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux:pass _ _ 38 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 conj _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 40 greenhouse greenhouse NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 compound _ _ 41 effect effect NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=38:obj 42 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **trap** | present | Gases such carbon dioxide and methane | some | | | | | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Patient | | 2 | **give off** | present | Earth | the heat *not said here* | | | | | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source heat=Theme | | 3 | **keep** | gerund | Gases such carbon dioxide and methane *not said here* | the planet | | | | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent planet=Theme | | 4 | **average** | would | Earth | 18 degrees Celsius | | | | without gases *= gas* | vn multiply-108-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent degree=Theme | | 5 | **call** | present · passive | | this | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Weather, storms and the changing climate, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/14/) - next →: [Weather, storms and the changing climate, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/)