---
title: Since the 1800s Earth has warmed by about 1.3 degrees Celsius on ave… — Weather, storms and the changing climate · tree and pragmatics
description: Since the 1800s Earth has warmed by about 1.3 degrees Celsius on average, mainly because people burn coal, oil and gas. Who acts: Earth, people. A sentence of the lesson «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# Weather, storms and the changing climate, sentence 16

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Since the 1800s Earth has warmed by about 1.3 degrees Celsius on average, mainly because people burn coal, oil and gas.

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**Who acts:** Earth, people · **What happens:** warm, burn · **To what, where:** coal

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Earth, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:16
# text = Since the 1800s Earth has warmed by about 1.3 degrees Celsius on average, mainly because people burn coal, oil and gas.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Since	since	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	1800s	1800	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
4	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	warmed	warm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	about	about	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	1.3	1.3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	Celsius	Celsius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:unmarked	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	average	average	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	nmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	mainly	mainly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	burn	burn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj
19	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warm** | present · perfect | Earth |  |  |  | since the 1800s | by 1.3 degrees  Celsius on average | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **burn** | present | people | coal and oil and gas |  |  |  | mainly *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent coal=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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