--- title: Sea level has risen by more than 20 centimetres since 1900, and it i… — Weather, storms and the changing climate · tree and pragmatics description: Sea level has risen by more than 20 centimetres since 1900, and it is now rising faster, which puts low places such as the Netherlands, Bangladesh and islands like Tuvalu most at risk; melting ice on land raises the sea, but floating sea ice already pushes aside its own weight of water, so its melti --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Weather, storms and the changing climate](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/) / 18 # Weather, storms and the changing climate, sentence 18 Sea level has risen by more than 20 centimetres since 1900, and it is now rising faster, which puts low places such as the Netherlands, Bangladesh and islands like Tuvalu most at risk; melting ice on land raises the sea, but floating sea ice already pushes aside its own weight of water, so its melting barely does. **Who acts:** 20 centimetres, level, melting, floating sea ice · **What happens:** rise, put, melt, raise, float, push · **To what, where:** Sea level, low places, risk, ice, land, sea This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (20 centimetres, level, melting, floating sea ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:18 # text = Sea level has risen by more than 20 centimetres since 1900, and it is now rising faster, which puts low places such as the Netherlands, Bangladesh and islands like Tuvalu most at risk; melting ice on land raises the sea, but floating sea ice already pushes aside its own weight of water, so its melting barely does. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 level level NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 risen rise VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 6 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV 8 advmod _ _ 7 than than ADP IN _ 6 fixed _ _ 8 20 20 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 9 centimetres centimetre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 10 since since ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 1900 1900 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 4 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 14 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 15 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 16 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 17 advmod _ _ 17 rising rise VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 conj _ _ 18 faster fast ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 17 parataxis _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 21 nsubj _ _ 21 puts put VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 22 low low ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 places place NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 24 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 27 case _ _ 25 as as ADP IN _ 24 fixed _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 Netherlands Netherlands PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 Bangladesh Bangladesh PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 conj _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 islands island NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 conj _ _ 32 like like ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 Tuvalu tuvalu PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=31:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 34 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 21 advmod _ _ 35 at at ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 risk risk NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 37 ; ; PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 38 melting melt VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 42 csubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=42:nsubj 39 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 40 on on ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nmod _ _ 42 raises raise VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 parataxis _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obj _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=42:punct 46 but but CCONJ CC _ 51 cc _ _ 47 floating float VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 49 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=49:acl 48 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 compound _ _ 49 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 nsubj _ _ 50 already already ADV RB _ 51 advmod _ _ 51 pushes push VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 conj _ _ 52 aside aside ADV RB _ 51 advmod _ _ 53 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 55 nmod:poss _ _ 54 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 55 amod _ _ 55 weight weight NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 obj _ _ 56 of of ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 57 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 55 nmod _ _ 58 , , PUNCT , _ 63 punct _ _ 59 so so ADV RB _ 63 advmod _ _ 60 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 61 nmod:poss _ _ 61 melting melting NOUN NN Number=Sing 63 nsubj _ _ 62 barely barely ADV RB _ 63 advmod _ _ 63 does do VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 64 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rise** | present · perfect · passive | 20 centimetres | Sea level | | | since 1900 | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme | | 2 | **rise** | present · progressive | level | | | | now | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **put** | present | | low places and islands like Tuvalu | | risk | | such the Netherlands and Bangladesh | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent place=Theme at risk=Destination | | 4 | **melt** | gerund | | ice | | land | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient ice=Result | | 5 | **raise** | present | melting | the sea | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sea=Theme | | 6 | **float** | gerund | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **push** | present | floating sea ice | level's own weight of water | | | | aside *property* | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Theme | | 8 | **do** | present | level's melting | | | | | barely *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **melt** | | level | | | | | | nom melting «process transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Weather, storms and the changing climate, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/16/) - next →: [Weather, storms and the changing climate, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/)